The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
Walpole credits Bridgeman with having first suggested this innovation,
but the new scheme almost certainly originated with Switzer.
In gardening theoretical exposition and discussion would, from the
nature of the case, antedate the actual construction of gardens
according to new principles. Pope was one of the first, if not the
first, to put the new ideas into practice. In 1718 he took a long lease
of a house and five acres of land at Twickenham, and he at once set
about the construction of a garden according to his own ideas. Said
Horace Walpole, “It was a little bit of ground of five acres, enclosed
with three lanes; and seeing nothing. Pope had twisted and twirled
and rhymed and harmonized this, till it appeared two or three sweet
little lawns opening and opening beyond one another, and the whole
surrounded by thick impenetrable woods.”[543] The plan of the garden
drawn by John Searle after Pope’s death shows that in the five acres
Pope had a shell temple, a large mount, two small mounts, a bowling
green, a vineyard, a quincunx, an obelisk in memory of his mother,
and hot-houses and gardeners’ sheds.[544] This garden could hardly be
called “natural” but it was an undoubted protest against the formal
school and was so regarded, and Pope was counted “the prophet of the
new school.” Blomfield and Thomas[545] in reviewing the decay of formal
gardening say, “It now became the fashion to rave about Nature, and
to condemn the straightforward work of the formal school as so much
brutal sacrilege. Pope and Addison led the way with about as much
love of Nature as the elegant Abbé Delille some three generations
later.” Mason calls Kent, the reputed father of landscape gardening,
“Pope’s bold associate.”[546] Walpole dwells on the assistance Kent
had from Pope and thinks that the ideas of some of Kent’s best works
were really borrowed from Pope’s garden at Twickenham.[547] Hazlitt
emphasizes the healthy and important influence in this direction
exercised by Pope.[548] In “The Quarterly” for 1816, in a review of
Humphrey Repton’s work, we find the influence of Pope commented on as
follows: “He so completely developed the principles of true gardening
that the theories of succeeding writers have been little more than
amplifications of his short general precepts.”
Pope’s paper in “The Guardian” was in 1713, and his garden was
practically completed by 1718[549] but his most influential utterance
on the theory of gardening did not come till 1731, and before that
time other significant writings had appeared.[550] One of these was
“Huetiana,” a translation in 1722 of the work of Pierre Daniel Huet
(1630–1721), bishop of Avranches. In the chapter on “Natural Beauties
preferable to Artistic ones” he comments thus on the bad taste of his
age:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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