The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
Throughout the poetry of the eighteenth century we have observed a
turning from the general to the specific. There is likewise a similar
tendency to localization. The classical poetry of Nature belonged to no
special spot, hardly to any special country. The poetry of Wordsworth
and of Walter Scott was, on the other hand, eminently local. They
celebrated the mountains and islands and streams of the region they
knew. Wordsworth complained that before his day no one had sung of
British mountains. It is interesting to note the growth of this passion
for certain spots definitely pointed out and named, certain natural
scenes known and loved as a person might be. A brief survey of the
mountains and streams thus celebrated in eighteenth-century poetry will
serve as illustrative. After Dyer’s “Grongar Hill” come other mountains
of Wales. The hoary heights of huge Plynlymmon; the wide, aërial side
of Cader-ydris; the craggy summits of cold Snowdon, king of mountains;
Clyder’s cloud-enveloped head; Caer-caraduc, and others are spoken of
with evident pleasure and not a little artistic perception. In Scotland
the hills of Cheviot, the Pentland Hills, the mountains in the Ossian
country, and those around Lochleven, are chief. In England we have the
scarry side of Braids, Dafset’s ridgy mountain, Edge-Hill, Almada
Hill, Derwent’s naked peaks, huge Breaden, blue-topp’d Wrekin, giant
Skiddaw, the solemn wall of Malvern, the Cambrian Hills, the hills of
Ilmington, and others. The spirit of localization in its application
to mountains does not often go beyond calling the mountain by its
own name, and using some phrase showing that this mountain is known
as separate from the general mass. In its application to streams the
feeling is more detailed in expression. Ramsay’s streams and pools are
closely localized. Dyer celebrates not only Towy’s flood, but the Vaga,
the Ryddal, the Ystwith, the Clevedoc, the Lune, and especially the
Usk. Dr. Dalton traces the course of the Borrowdale Beck from Lodore
Falls to the lake. Langhorne follows the track of the Bela through
solitary meads, and then through the rough realms of Stainmore. He also
celebrates his joy as a child in the river Eden. Smollett, on his sick
bed, writes an ode to Leven Water. Bruce sings of the Po, the Queech,
the Severn, and especially of his youthful delight in the Gairney.
Mickle writes of the Forth, the Annan, the Ewes, and the Wauchope,
but dwells with most zest on his early love of the Esk. Of peculiar
interest is Akenside’s apostrophe to the Wansbeck. Hamilton, Langhorne,
and Logan wrote of the Yarrow, Cowper of the Ouse, Burns of the Ayr,
the Doon, the Nith, the Afton, the Devon, and many another Scotch
stream, while Bowles wrote of the Itchin, the Tweed, the Cherwell,
and the Wansbeck. A map might be made on which should be represented
only the mountains and streams spoken of with some particularity,
with something more than a mere mention, in English poetry between
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