The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
Another use of Nature is based on the poet’s perception of the
analogies between external Nature and human life or character. One
outcome of this sense for analogies is in abundant similitudes, a
literary use of Nature common in all languages, at all periods. In the
pseudo-classical poetry of England we have seen that the similitudes
were conventional and superficial. In a period of intimate knowledge
and love of the outer world there is stress on the truth and beauty of
the picture from Nature as well as on the human fact symbolized, and
the analogy is subtly and sympathetically conceived. Wordsworth’s
A violet by a mossy stone
Half hidden from the eye
is perfect in itself as a picture of Nature, and it is exquisitely apt
in describing Lucy. He discovered in Nature that which in its inner
significance was truly a counterpart of the human idea. With regard to
the similitudes of the transition poetry I have noted two interesting
facts. In the first place, in proportion to the whole use of Nature,
the use of Nature in similitudes is very much less in the transition
than in the classical poetry. In the second place, in no other way of
using Nature was the changed conception of the outer world so slow to
manifest itself. Stock similes persisted even in authors who, in other
respects, gave clear evidence of the new spirit. It was apparently
easier to be original and individual in a new realm, than to break away
from the established conventions of an accepted literary form.
As another outcome of the recognized correspondence between Nature
and life the facts of Nature become, as it were, an allegory of
human experience. From Dyer on there is a strain of pensive, gently
didactic moralizing drawn from the poet’s observation of Nature. A
river, however beautiful in itself because of its ceaseless motion,
its shifting colors, its varied banks, its progress to the sea, is
transformed in the poet’s mind into a symbol of the vicissitudes and
the final goal of life. Of the more obvious analogies of this sort we
find many examples, but of the highly imaginative use of Nature whereby
the external fact, however truly and beautifully perceived, seems
hardly thought of except as a symbol of the hidden things of the spirit
and of the life to come, we find almost no examples outside of Blake.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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