The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
19. From the early literature, beyond the reference in Manu, to which
reference has already been made, the traces of the custom in myth are
not very numerous or clear. The myth of Urvasî probably indicates the
existence of some ancient rule or taboo which prevented ordinary
unrestrained intercourse between husband and wife, with the inference
that possibly from capture their relations were strained. [80] In the
Mahâbhârata the followers of Kîchika attempted to burn Draupadî with
his corpse, apparently because from the fact of her capture she was
assumed to have been his wife. In the same epic Bhîshma declares that
the Swayamvara is the best of all modes of marriage for a Kshatriya,
except one, that of carrying away the bride by force. He acquired in
this way the beautiful daughters of the Râja of Kâshi as wives for his
brother Vichitra Vîrya. In the Sûtras it was provided that at a certain
vital stage in the marriage ceremony a strong man and the bridegroom
should forcibly draw the bride and make her sit down on a red ox skin.
[81]
20. There are numerous examples of feigned resistance to the
bridegroom. Thus among the Korwas the bridegroom and his party “halt at
a short distance from the bride’s house, and there await her party.
Presently emerges a troop of girls all singing, headed by the mother of
the bride, bearing on her head a vessel of water surmounted by a
lighted lamp. When they get near enough to the cavaliers they pelt them
with balls of boiled rice, then coyly retreat, followed, of course, by
the young men, but the girls make a stand at the door of the bride’s
house and suffer none to enter until they have paid toll in presents to
the bridesmaid.” [82] In a Gond marriage “all may be agreed between the
parties beforehand, nevertheless the bride must be abducted for the fun
of the thing: but the bridegroom has only to overcome the opposition of
the young lady’s female friends—it is not etiquette for the men of her
village to take any notice of the affair.” [83]
21. Numerous instances of similar practices have been recorded at the
present survey. Thus, among the Ghasiyas, the bride hides in a corner
of the house, and the youth goes in and drags her out into the presence
of the assembled clansmen. It is etiquette that she makes some
resistance. Much the same custom prevails among the Bhuiyas and
Bhuiyârs. The Kanjar bridegroom comes armed to the bride’s house after
the negotiations have been settled, and demands delivery of the girl in
threatening tones. Similarly the bridegroom is armed with a bow and
arrow.
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