The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
2. Atîts are Saiva Hindus, and worship Mahâbîr, Mahâdeva and Bhairon
Nâth. Their priests are Brâhmans. At Mirzapur they put some fire into
the mouth of the corpse and throw it into the Ganges. The death
impurity lasts ten days, as in the case of high caste Hindus. They do
not feed Mahâpâtras after a death, but Dasnâmis. Many of them are
cultivators and some hold patches of rent-free land which have been
granted to them by land-holders. They wear clothes dyed in ochre
(geru), and carry a rosary of rudrâksha beads. Brâhmans, Kshatriyas and
Vaisyas will not eat either kachchi or pakki from their hands; Kahârs
and Nâis will do so. Brâhmans will, however, take water from them. They
do not use spirits or flesh. Other people salute them by Namo Nârâyan;
and they use the same form of salutation among themselves.
Audhiya. [167]—A tribe found in the Fatehpur District. They are known
as Audhiya or Audhya, Ajudhyabâsi or Avadhapuri, and take their name
from the city of Ajudhya, in Oudh. They prefer the title of
Ajudhyabâsi, or residents of Ajudhya; by outsiders they are usually
called Audhiya, or “Oudh men.” They claim to be really Banyas, and say
that they emigrated from Ajudhya; but they have no means of fixing the
time of their arrival in Fatehpur. One tradition is that their movement
was connected with the expedition of Râma Chandra against Lanka or
Ceylon.
[Divisions.] 2. They are divided into two classes—Ûnch or “high,” and
Nîch, or “low.” The former are those of pure blood; the latter, the
descendants of a woman of another caste, taken as a concubine. These
two classes are practically exogamous. Besides these they have no other
exogamous sub-divisions, the only other restriction on marriage being
that they do not receive brides from a family to which they have
already given a daughter in marriage, at any rate until all
recollection of the relationship has been lost.
[Council.] 3. A tribal council sits for the transaction of business
connected with the caste. A chairman (sarpanch) is appointed for each
meeting.
[Marriage rules.] 4. The marriage rules agree with those in force among
high caste Hindus. The number of wives a man may have is restricted to
two. If a girl is detected in immorality before marriage, she is
permanently excommunicated, and her parents are also put out of caste
until they give a tribal feast. Some money is paid by the relations of
the bride to those of the bridegroom; but there is no fixed price. A
married woman can be turned out by her husband on proof of adultery.
Only the children of the regularly married wives inherit their fathers’
estate.
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