The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
In January they go to the hills to collect catechu (khair). They
worship the monkey-god Mahâbîr, Satnârâyan, and Devi Pâtan: to the
first they offer rice-milk (khîr) in October; to the second a mixture
of cooked rice and vetch (urad), called phâra; to the third, cakes
(pûri) and new rice, coriander, and molasses to Mahâbîr. They eat pork
and drink spirits. A woman who sins with one of her own tribe may be
absolved by feeding the brethren; but not so if her paramour is of
another caste. They are thimble-riggers, ornament-snatchers, swindlers,
and impostors. According to Mr. Risley they rank with Binds, Nuniyas,
and Pâsis, but nowhere do they rise to the distinction which Binds and
Nuniyas sometimes attain, of giving water and certain kinds of
sweetmeats to Brâhmans.
3. In Kheri the rule of exogamy bars the line of the maternal uncle and
father’s sister. They can marry two sisters in succession, but polygamy
is forbidden. Infidelity, even intertribal, is reprobated. Marriage
takes place at the age of ten or twelve, and is settled by the caste
Chaudhari. No money is paid by the relations of either party.
Widow-marriage is prohibited; but they can live with a man of the
tribe, the phrase used being ghar-baithna. The children of such
connections are recognised as legitimate, but they are not admitted to
full caste privileges. The levirate on the usual terms is permitted.
There is no custom of adoption or initiation into caste. Betrothals are
made in infancy, and the marriage ceremony is of the standard type, the
bhanwari or walking round the sacred fire being the binding portion of
it. They worship Mahâdeva, Sûrajnârâyan, and Kâli, who receive
sacrifices of goats and rams on a Monday. They will not take any food
or water from, or smoke with, any other caste. They have given up their
occupation of mat-making, and now live by fishing and thieving at
fairs.
4. In the returns of the last Census they are classed as a sub-caste of
Mallâh. The Châin is what is known as an Uchakka, Uthaigîra, or
Jebkatra—one who picks pockets and cuts with a little knife or sharp
piece of glass the knots in their sheets in which natives tie up their
valuables. They frequent fairs and bathing places, and the boys are put
on to steal, while the men act as “fences” and engage the attention of
the victim, or facilitate the escape of the thief.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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