The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
[Tribal organisation.] 2. The Mirzapur Dhângars say that the Munda
Kols, the Khariyas [294] of Chota Nâgpur, the Guriyas, Dhângars and
Urâin or Orâon are all endogamous divisions of the same race. They name
eight exogamous septs, most or all of which are certainly of totemistic
origin. Thus Ilha is said to mean a kind of fish which this sept does
not eat: Kajur is the name of a jungle herb which members of this
sub-division do not use: Tirik, which is possibly the same as the Tirki
or bull sept of the Orâons. In Chota Nâgpur members of this sept cannot
touch any cattle after their eyes open. [295] On the other hand,
Colonel Dalton describes the Tirki sub-division as prohibited from
eating young mice (tirki). [296]
The Lakara sub-division, which is apparently identical with that called
Lakrar among the Orâons, who must not eat tiger’s flesh, [297] derive
their name in Mirzapur from the hyæna (lakar bagha), which they will
not hunt or kill. The Bara sept, who are evidently the same as the
Barar of the Orâons, who will not eat from the leaves of the Bar tree
(Ficus Indica), in Mirzapur will not cut this tree. The Ekka sept in
Mirzapur say that the name means “leopard,” which they will not kill.
In Chota Nâgpur the same word is said to mean “tortoise,” and to be a
totemistic sept of Orâons. This is the Ekhar sept in Colonel Dalton’s
list. [298] The Tiga sept, in Mirzapur, say they take their name from a
jungle root of that name which they will not eat: but the Orâon
Dhângars of Bhâgalpur have a Tig sept which they say means “monkey.”
[299] The last of the Mirzapur septs is Khâha, which they say means
“crow,” a bird which they respect and will not injure. This is
evidently the same as the Khakhar sept of Orâons, who will not eat the
crow. [300] From all this the identity of the Mirzapur Dhângars with
the Bengal Orâons is conclusively established. At the same time the
diverging significance of these totemistic titles within a limited area
is interesting. The Census lists supply a much more Hinduised set of
sections including the Beldâr, Belwâr, Benbansi, Janwâr, Jhuar, Panwâr,
and Sribâstam.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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