The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
Râmgarh and Sahnkot, on the Rohini, are also
Dom forts.” Attempts have, also, been made to connect them in some way
with the Domkatâr or Domtikâr Râjputs of Gorakhpur, and with the Domwâr
Bhuînhârs. [343] All this discussion is, as Mr. Risley says, somewhat
profitless; but out of it seems to emerge “a general consensus of
opinion that the Doms belong to one of the races whom, for convenience
of expression, we may call the aborigines of India. Their personal
appearance bears out this opinion.” Mr. Beames [344] describes the Doms
of Champâran as “small and dark, with long tresses of unkempt hair, and
the peculiar glassy eye of the non-Aryan autochthon,” and Mr. Sherring
[345] remarks that “dark-complexioned, low of stature, and somewhat
repulsive in appearance, they are readily distinguished from all the
better castes of Hindus.” “The type, however,” Mr. Risley adds, “as is
the case with most widely-diffused castes, seems to display appreciable
variations. In Eastern Bengal, according to Dr. Wise, the Dom’s hair is
long, black, and coarse, while his complexion is oftener of a brown
than a black hue; and among the Magahiya Doms, whom I have seen in
Bihâr, only a small portion struck me as showing any marked resemblance
to the aborigines of Chota Nâgpur, who are, I suppose, among the purest
specimens of the non-Aryan races of India. On the whole, however, the
prevalent type of physique and complexion seems to mark the caste as
not of Aryan descent, although evidence is wanting to connect it with
any compact aboriginal tribe of the present day. The fact that for
centuries they have been condemned to the most menial duties, and have
served as the helots of the entire village community, would, of itself,
be sufficient to break down whatever tribal spirit they may once have
possessed, and to obliterate all structural traces of their true
origin.”
2. To this must be added another point which cannot be left out of
consideration in dealing with these menial races. The tribes of
scavengers, such as the Bhangi and Dom, have for many generations
formed a sort of Cave of Adullam for the outcastes of the higher races,
and the notorious immoral character of the women of these tribes must
have had a powerful effect in modifying the physique and appearance of
castes such as these. If the Dom varies in physical character from one
part of the Province to another, it is only what might naturally be
expected. On the whole it may perhaps be safer to regard the Doms, not
as a single, individual aggregate, but as a more or less mixed body of
menials, who have been for ages in a state of the utmost degradation,
and whose appearance and physique have been largely modified by the
rigour of their occupation and environment.
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