The Trouvelot astronomical drawings manualTrouvelot, E. L. (Etienne Leopold)
Science
The Trouvelot astronomical drawings manual
Trouvelot, E. L. (Etienne Leopold)
Astronomy -- Pictorial works
Many of the trails thus left by the meteors retained their luminosity
for several minutes, and sometimes for over a quarter of an hour. These
trails slowly changed their form and position; but it is perhaps
remarkable that almost all those which I observed on that night assumed
the same general form--that of an open, irregular ring, or horse-shoe,
somewhat resembling the letter C. This ring form was subsequently
transformed into an irregular, roundish cumulus-like cloud. The trail
left by a very large meteor, which I observed on the evening of
September 5th, 1880, also exhibited the same general character of
transformation.
While I was observing a long brilliant trail left by a meteor on the
night of November 13th, 1868, it was suddenly crossed by another bright
shooting-star. The latter apparently went through the luminous substance
forming the trail, which was suddenly altered in form, and considerably
diminished in brightness simultaneously with this passage, although
electrical action at some distance might perhaps as well explain the
sudden change observed.
In the majority of cases the meteors appeared white; but many,
especially the largest, exhibited a variety of brilliant colors, among
which the red, blue, green, yellow and purple were the most common. In
general the trails exhibited about the same color as the nucleus, but
much fainter, and they were usually pervaded by a greenish tint. In some
instances the trails were of quite a different color from the nucleus.
The luminous cloud observed at 5h. 30m. on the morning of November 14th,
1868, after having passed through the series of transformations above
described, remained visible for a long while after sunrise, appearing
then as a small cirrus cloud, exactly similar in appearance to the
hundreds of small cirrus clouds then visible in the sky, which had
probably the same meteoric origin. For over three hours after sunrise,
these cirrus clouds remained visible in the sky, moving all together
with the wind in the high regions of the atmosphere.
Although Plate XII. is intended to represent all the characteristics
exhibited by the meteors observed on that night, every form represented
having been obtained by direct observation, yet the number is much
greater than it was at any single moment during the particular shower of
1868. As regards number, the intention was to give an idea of a great
meteoric shower, such as that of 1833, for instance. Although many of
the falling stars seem to be close to the Earth's surface, yet this is
only an effect of perspective due to their great distance, very few of
these meteors ever coming into the lower regions of our atmosphere at
all.
The phenomena exhibited during other great meteoric showers have been
similar to those presented by the shower just described, the only
differences consisting in variations of size and brightness in the
meteors, and also in the trails, which sometimes are not so numerous as
they were in 1868.
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