The Trouvelot astronomical drawings manualTrouvelot, E. L. (Etienne Leopold)
Science
The Trouvelot astronomical drawings manual
Trouvelot, E. L. (Etienne Leopold)
Astronomy -- Pictorial works
The meteoric shower of November 13th has its radiant point situated in
the vicinity of the star Gamma, in the constellation Leo, from which its
meteors have been called Leonids. But while the August meteors recur
regularly every year, with slight variations, the shower of November
does not occur with the same regularity. During several years it is
hardly noticeable, and is even totally absent, while in other years it
is very remarkable. Every 33 years an extraordinary meteoric shower
occurs on the 13th of November, and the phenomenon is repeated on the
two succeeding years at the same date, but with a diminution in its
splendor at each successive return. The Leonids move in an opposite
direction to that of the Earth, and travel in our atmosphere with an
apparent velocity of 45 miles per second, this being about the maximum
velocity observed in falling stars. But when the motion of our globe is
taken into account, and a deduction is made of the 18 miles which it
travels per second, it is found that these meteors move at an actual
mean rate of 27 miles a second.
In a meteoric shower the stars do not fall uniformly throughout the
night, there being a time when they appear in greater numbers. Usually
it is towards morning, between 4 and 6 o'clock, that the maximum occurs.
The probable cause of this phenomenon will be explained in its place
hereafter.
The orbits of the meteoric showers are not all approximately in the same
plane, like those of the planets, but rather resemble those of comets,
and have all possible inclinations to the ecliptic. Like the comets,
too, the different meteoric showers have either direct or retrograde
motion.
The shooting-stars were formerly considered as atmospheric meteors,
caused by the combustion of inflammable gases generated at the surface
of the Earth, and transported to the high regions of our atmosphere by
their low specific gravity. But the considerable height at which they
usually appear, the great velocity of their motion, the common orbit
followed by the meteors of the same shower, and the periodicity of their
recurrence, do not permit us now to entertain these ideas, or to doubt
their cosmical origin. But what is their nature?
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