[204] We owe our knowledge of the Egyptian marriage contracts chiefly to M. Revillout, whose works should be consulted. See also Paturet (the pupil of Revillout), _La Condition juridique de la femme dans l'ancienne Egypte_; Nietzold, _Die Ehe in Aegypten_; Greenfel, _Greek Papyri_; Amelineau, _La Morale Egyptienne_; Mueller, _Liebespoesie der alten Aegypten_, and the numerous works of M. Maspero and Flinders Petrie. Simcox, writing on "Ownership in Egypt," gives a good summary of the subject, _Primitive Civilisations_, Vol. I. pp. 204-211; also Hobhouse, _Morals in Evolution_, Vol. I. p. 182, _et seq._ [205] Hobhouse regards this dowry as being the original property of the wife in the forms of the bride-price. Revillout and Mueller accept the much more probable view, that the dowry was fictitious, and was really a charge on the property of the husband to be paid to the wife if he sent her away. [206] Paturet, _La Condition juridique de la femme dans l'ancienne Egypte_; p. 69. [207] Nietzold, _Die Ehe in Aegypten_, p. 79. [208] _Etudes egyptologiques_, livre XIII. pp. 230, 294; quoted by Simcox, _op. cit._, Vol. I. p. 210. [209] Simcox, _op. cit._, Vol. I, p. 204. [210] Simcox, _op. cit._; Vol. I. pp. 210-211, citing Revillout; _Cours de droit_, p. 285. [211] This is the view of Simcox, _op. cit._, pp. 210-211. [212] Hobhouse, Vol. I. p. 185 (_Note_). [213] _Les obligations en droit egyptien_, p. 82; quoted by Simcox, _op. cit._, Vol. I. pp. 209-210. [214] Diodorus, bk. i. p. 27. The whole passage is: "Contrary to the received usage of other nations the laws permit the Egyptians to marry their sisters, after the example of Osiris and Isis. The latter, in fact, having cohabited with her brother Osiris, swore, after his death, never to suffer the approach of any man, pursued the murderer, governed according to the laws, and loaded men with benefits. All this explains why the queen receives more power and respect than the king, and why, among private individuals, the woman rules over the man, and that it is stipulated between married couples by the terms of the dowry-contract that the man shall obey the woman." The brother-sister marriages, referred to by Diodorus, which were common, especially in early Egyptian history, are further witness to the persistence among them of the customs of the mother-age. [215] Simcox, _op. cit._, Vol. I. p. 205. [216] _Revue egyptologique_, I. p. 110. [217] Revillout, _Cours de droit_, Vol. I. p. 222. [218] _Psychology of Sex_, Vol. VI. p. 393. [219] Amelineau, _La morale egyptienne_, p. 194. [220] Ellis, citing Donaldson, _Woman_, p. 196. This is also the opinion of Mueller. [221] Revillout, _Revue egyptologique_, Vol. I. p. 113. [222] Simcox, _op. cit._, Vol. I. p. 207. [223] Donaldson, _Woman_, pp. 244-245, citing Nietzold, p. 79. [224] Letourneau (_Evolution of Marriage_, p. 176) takes this view. [225] This is, of course, a survival of the old matriarchal custom.