A thousand years ago, industrial conditions were as distressing as those which exist to-day—yet in those days the poor staggered under the additional burden of leprosy. A hundred and fifty years ago poverty was complicated by smallpox, the scourge of Europe. The rigid segregation of lepers in the Middle Ages relieved the situation of leprosy, while the discovery of vaccine has practically eliminated smallpox. The submerged classes, while their economic condition remained unchanged, were at least relieved of the added weight of these two great diseases. So in our present fight against tuberculosis. An aggressive campaign against this disease will not necessarily improve industrial conditions, but those who suffer most from these conditions will be relieved of one more handicap. In our present warfare against tuberculosis we are not impelled by the blind fear that made society in the Middle Ages demand segregation, and refuse to tolerate an infectious disease at large in the community. Nor has any vaccine or similar agent been discovered by which the disease may be wiped out. Instead, we must depend upon a campaign of education—wholesale, widespread education, conducted amongst all classes of society. We know the path to be travelled, and the machinery by which we may gain our ends. If at any time we become impatient with our slow rate of progress, we can accelerate our speed by the extension and multiplication of the three fundamental agencies in the anti-tuberculosis campaign—the Hospital, the Dispensary, and the Public Health Nurse. INDEX A Advanced cases, 46–47, 119, 145, 223, 224–227; see _Patients_ and _Segregation_ Air, fresh, 145–147 Alcohol, 151 Ambulatory cases, 33, 34, 38, 79–80; see _Patients_ Anti-tuberculosis campaign, 1–3; fundamental agencies in, 286 Anti-tuberculosis Society, 5–6 Arrested cases, 2; nursing as work for, 13–14; see _Patients_ B Bacilli, tubercle, articles infected by, 253; distribution of, 169, 262–266; presence or absence in sputum, 107–108, 111; tenacity of, 170 Badges, 31 Bag, nurse’s, 41; supplies carried in, 42–46, 108