The Two Great Republics: Rome and the United StatesLewis, James
History
The Two Great Republics: Rome and the United States
Lewis, James
Rome -- Politics and government -- 510-30 B.C.; United States -- Politics and government
Cicero was now a candidate for ædile and tried to aid his candidacy by
some signal achievements. Just at this time a number of the Sicilians,
to whom Cicero had endeared himself by the honesty and ability with
which he had exercised his duty as quæstor in their island, besought
Cicero to undertake the prosecution of C. Cornelius Verres, who had
just returned from three years' service as prætor in Sicily, in which
province he had been guilty of the most extreme extortions,
dishonesty, and cruelty. The evidence Cicero was able to produce
against Verres, and the impassioned eloquence of the orations against
him which he prepared (for the evidence against Verres was so
unanswerable that his counsel, the great Hortensius, threw up the
case, and Verres fled into exile, thus depriving Cicero of an
opportunity of delivering all the carefully prepared speeches orally
in court) so demoralized the senatorial party that opposition to
Cotta's bill now ceased, and the law was passed without further
difficulty.
In the same year, 70 B.C., censors were again appointed, after the
office had been suspended for sixteen years, and the corruption of the
times, and particularly of the Senate, was shown by the fact that by
the action of the censors sixty-four members of the Senate were
degraded from their office.
The greatest military triumphs in the life of Pompey were in the years
following his consulship. In 67 B.C. he was sent to subdue the
Sicilian pirates, armed with more complete powers than had ever before
been voluntarily given by Roman citizens to any Roman general.
"The terms of the proposal are extraordinary, and require
close attention. First, a generalissimo was to be appointed
by the senate from the consulars, to hold supreme command
over the whole Mediterranean and over all the coast for
fifty miles inland, concurrently with the ordinary
governors, for three years. Second, he might select from the
men of senatorial rank twenty-five lieutenants with
prætorian powers, and two treasurers with questorian power.
Third, he might raise an army of 120,000 infantry and 7,000
cavalry, and a fleet of 500 ships, and for this purpose
might dispose absolutely of all the resources of the
provinces. Besides this, a large sum of money and a
considerable force of men and ships were at once handed over
to him.
"By the introduction of this law the government was
practically taken out of the hands of the senate; it was the
final collapse of the oligarchic rule. But it was more than
this--it was practically the institution of an unlimited
dictatorship.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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