The Two Great Republics: Rome and the United StatesLewis, James
History
The Two Great Republics: Rome and the United States
Lewis, James
Rome -- Politics and government -- 510-30 B.C.; United States -- Politics and government
"A law was passed prohibiting any slave from carrying a
warlike weapon. Rigorously was this law enforced. At one
time a boar of remarkable size was sent as a present to L.
Domicius, then prætor of the island. He inquired who had
killed it. On being informed that it was a slave, who was
employed as a shepherd, he summoned the man before him, and
asked how he had contrived to kill so powerful an animal.
The shepherd replied that he had killed it with a boar
spear. The merciless Domicius ordered him immediately to be
crucified for having used a weapon in violation of the law.
This rigor was pursued so unrelentingly, that, for a long
period, there were no more revolts!" (Abbott's _History of
Italy_.)
The victories of Marius over the Teutones and Cimbrians had been
followed by his sixth election to the consulship. This election,
however, had not been secured without great difficulty and tumult. The
aristocratic party had been consistently the opponents and enemies of
Marius throughout his whole career. The great victories which he had
won for Rome, instead of reconciling this class to him, had made them
only the more jealous and fearful of him.
By this time Marius had in addition, to a great extent, alienated the
lower classes of the Roman citizens. The enmity between the
proletariat at Rome and the Italians, which had commenced at the time
of the younger Gracchus, had been constantly increasing. Marius had
inclined more and more toward the side of the Italians. Like most
generals, his thoughts and affections were for his soldiers rather
than for the state which he served; and the soldiers over whom Marius
had command and with whom he had won his great victories were mainly
Italians. The degenerate city mob at Rome no longer desired or was fit
for military life, and the safety of Rome and the extension of her
territories now rested mainly upon those to whom the rights of her
citizenship were denied.
The Italians, probably appreciating both the strength of their
position and the injustice of their treatment, were demanding the
rights of Roman citizenship, and in this demand they found a
sympathizer in the consul Marius. Immediately after his victories in
the north of Italy, Marius, in direct violation of the law, had
granted Roman citizenship to one thousand soldiers in his army who had
distinguished themselves in the campaign. His excuse was
characteristic of the existing conditions and prophetic of the course
of Roman history during the succeeding century: "Amid the din of arms,
I could not hear the voice of the laws."
During his sixth consulship Marius endeavored to secure the Roman
franchise for certain of his soldiers in a more regular manner. The
tribunes, Apuleius Saturninus and Servilius Glaucia, secured the
passage of a law by which Marius was authorized to grant the rights of
Roman citizenship to three persons in every colony which enjoyed the
Latin franchise.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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