I use the word, not in the strict but in the popular and general sense, to include feeling, indeed all affective states, excepting where the context gives the strict meaning. Footnote 197: The James-Lange theory is disregarded here as untenable. Footnote 198: La Pathologie des Emotions, 1892. Footnote 199: Physiological Dilatation and the Mitral Sphincter as Factors in Functional and Organic Disturbances of the Heart, _The American Journal of the Medical Sciences_, February, 1901; also, The Occurrence and Mechanism of Physiological Heart Murmurs (Endocardial) in Healthy Individuals, _The Medical Record_, April 20, 1889. Footnote 200: The emotional factor is a source of possible fallacy in all observations on arterial tension and must be guarded against. Footnote 201: Frederick Peterson and C. G. Jung: Psycho-Physical Investigations with the Galvanometer and Pneumograph, _Brain_, Vol. XXX, July, 1907, p. 153. Footnote 202: The Work of the Digestive Glands (English Translation), London, 02. Footnote 203: For a summary of Cannon’s work, see his article, Recent Advances in the Physiology of the Digestive Organs Bearing on Medicine and Surgery, _The Medical Journal of Medical Sciences_, 1906, New Series, Vol. CXXXI, pp. 563-578. Footnote 204: _American Journal of Medical Sciences_, 1906, p. 566. See also “The Influence of Emotional States on the Functions of the Alimentary Canal,” by the same writer (_ibid._, April, 1909) for an interesting résumé of the subject. Footnote 205: _American Journal of the Medical Sciences_, April, 1909. Footnote 206: Cannon and de la Paz: _American Journal of Physiology_, April 1, 1911. Footnote 207: Cannon, Shohl, and Wright, Ibid., December 1, 1911. Footnote 208: These effects of adrenalin suggest that the secretion may take some part in pathological anxiety states. Footnote 209: Pathologie des Emotions, 1892. The influence of emotion on the _muscular system_ need hardly be more than referred to. Tremor, twitchings, particularly of the facial muscles, and other involuntary movements, as well as modifications of the tonus of the muscles, are common effects. All sorts of disturbances occur, ranging from increase of excitability to paralysis. Everyone knows that under the influence of powerful emotion, whether of joy, anger, or fear, there is discharged an increase of energy to the muscles, sometimes of an intensity which enables an individual to Footnote 210: The Integrative Action of the Nervous System, p. 266. Footnote 211: Note sur les modifications de la résistance électrique sous l’influence des excitations sensorielles et des émotions, _C. R. Soc. de Biologie_, 1888, p. 217. Footnote 212: Psycho-Physical Investigations with the Galvanometer and Pneumograph in Normal and Insane Individuals, _Brain_, Vol. XXX, July, 1907. Footnote 213: