The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom: A comprehensive historySiebert, Wilbur Henry
History
The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom: A comprehensive history
Siebert, Wilbur Henry
Fugitive slaves -- United States; Underground Railroad
It will be remembered that the decision in the Prigg case also
contained a ruling that acknowledged the right of the claimant to
seize and remove the alleged fugitive, wheresoever found, without
judicial process. It has been suggested recently that this part of
the decision, denominated the most obnoxious part, was avoided in
the law of 1850.[786] But the language of the new law no more denied
this right than the language of the old bestowed it. In both cases
equally the claimant seems to have enjoyed the right of private
seizure and arrest without process, but for the purpose of taking
the supposed fugitive before the proper official.[787] So far as
the language of the statute was concerned the Prigg decision was
quite as possible under the later as under the earlier law. It was
the language of the Constitution upon which this part of the famous
decision was made to rest, and that, it needs scarcely be said,
continued unchanged during the period with which we are concerned.
[786] Henry W. Rogers, Editor, _Constitutional History of the
United States as seen in the Development of American Law_,
Lecture III, by George W. Biddle, p. 152.
[787] Section 3 of the law of 1793 provided that "the person to
whom such labour or service may be due, his agent or attorney,
is hereby empowered to seize and arrest such fugitive from
labour, and to take him or her before any judge of the circuit
or district courts of the United States, ... within the state,
or before any magistrate of a county (etc.) ... wherein such
seizure ... shall be made, and upon proof to the satisfaction of
such judge or magistrate ... it shall be the duty of such judge
or magistrate to give a certificate thereof ... which shall be
a sufficient warrant for removing the said fugitive ... to the
state or territory from which he or she fled."
Section 6 of the act of 1850 provides that "the person or persons
to whom such service or labour may be due, or his, her, or their
agent or attorney ... may pursue and reclaim such fugitive
person, either by procuring a warrant ... or by seizing and
arresting such fugitive, where the same can be done without
process, and by taking, or causing such person to be taken,
forthwith before such court, judge or commissioner, whose duty
it shall be to hear and determine the case ... in a summary
manner; and upon satisfactory proof ... to make out and deliver
to such claimant, his or her agent or attorney, a certificate
... with authority ... to use such reasonable force ... as may
be necessary ... to take and remove such fugitive person back
to the State or Territory whence he or she may have escaped as
aforesaid."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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