The Unexploited West: A Compilation of all of the authentic information available at the present time as to the Natural Resources of the Unexploited Regions of Northern CanadaChambers, Ernest J.
History
The Unexploited West: A Compilation of all of the authentic information available at the present time as to the Natural Resources of the Unexploited Regions of Northern Canada
Chambers, Ernest J.
Canada -- Economic conditions; Northwest, Canadian -- Economic conditions
Mr. Preble in his published report (North American Fauna No. 27)
presents a map of the Northland, showing the “life zone.” What he calls
“the Canadian zone” extends from the southern margin of the map to an
irregular line trending in a northwesterly direction from a point about
52·30° north latitude, just south of Hudson bay, to a point about 58·30°
north latitude at Rocky mountains. The main irregularity in the course
of the northern boundary of this zone is due to a wedge shaped
projection into the zone to the north, due to the well known northern
trend of the isothermal lines from a point in eastern Saskatchewan. The
line from about longitude 150° runs direct across Lake Athabaska,
cutting it in half practically, then to the mouth of Slave river on
Great Slave lake, thence in a sweep to where the 65th parallel of north
latitude strikes the Mackenzie. Thence the line runs back southeast to
the Liard, following that stream to the western margin of the map.
North of the “Canadian” zone, the “Hudsonian” zone is represented, its
northern limit being an irregular line running northwesterly from north
latitude 55·11° on Hudson bay to the delta of the Mackenzie. This zone
is represented as extending northward in wedge shaped projections for
some distance down the valley of the Dubawnt, down that of the
Coppermine, and into the lake country north of Great Bear lake. All of
the country north of this is described by Mr. Preble as the “Arctic
zone.”
Mr. Preble remarks in his report:—“The northern border of the Canadian
zone in the Mackenzie region limits the successful cultivation of
barley, potatoes, and the more hardy root crops, although with special
care most of them are raised in certain favoured localities in the
southern part of the Hudsonian. Even in the Canadian, however, an
occasional failure occurs, in the case of the less hardy crops, because
of the occurrence of unusually late spring or early autumn frosts. In
most parts of Peace river valley, and even in lower Liard valley, wheat
is a successful crop. Peas, potatoes, radishes, turnips, beets, carrots,
cabbages, lettuce and onions are raised with a considerable degree of
success as far north as Fort Norman, near latitude 65°, near the
northern extremity of the Canadian strip. Nearly all of these meet with
a fair amount of success at Fort Rae and also at Fort Good Hope, in the
lower Hudsonian, but at Fort Rae the situation is specially favourable
as regards slope exposure, and the permanent frost, which remains near
the surface in most parts of the Hudsonian, probably retreats to a much
lower depth. At Fort Good Hope the almost continuous sunlight of summer
probably compensates in part for its extreme northern position.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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