The United States and Latin AmericaLatané, John Holladay
History
The United States and Latin America
Latané, John Holladay
Latin America -- Foreign relations -- United States; United States -- Foreign relations -- Latin America
When the Liberal party came into power again in 1860, they were unable
to meet the situation and showed a disposition to question the
obligatory force of engagements entered into by their various
revolutionary predecessors. The British government had undertaken to
provide against this contingency upon the occasion of extending
recognition to the Juarez administration. Under date of March 30, 1861,
Lord John Russell wrote to Sir Charles Wyke, recently appointed minister
to Mexico, as follows:
The instructions addressed to Mr. Mathew, both before and
since the final triumph of the Liberal party, made the
recognition by Great Britain of the constitutional
government contingent upon the acknowledgment by that
government of the liability of Mexico for the claims of
British subjects who, either in their persons or in their
property, for a long series of years, can be proved to have
suffered wrong at the hands of successive governments in
Mexico.[196]
And further on in the same communication the attitude of the British
government is expressed yet more strongly:
Her majesty's government will not admit as an excuse for
hesitation in this respect the plea that the robbery was
committed by the late government. For, as regards this, as
indeed all other claims, her majesty's government cannot
admit that the party who committed the wrong is alone
responsible. Great Britain does not recognize any party as
constituting the republic in its dealing with foreign
nations, but holds the entire republic, by whatever party
the government of it may from time to time be administered,
to be responsible for wrongs done to British subjects by any
party or persons at any time administering the powers of
government.
Mexico, however, was slow to admit this principle of international law.
In a letter to Lord John Russell, June 25, 1861, and in other
communications, Sir Charles Wyke urged the necessity of a naval
demonstration against Mexico. His plan was to take possession of the
custom-houses of Vera Cruz, Tampico, and Matamoros on the Atlantic, and
of one or two on the Pacific, lower the duties so as to attract the
great bulk of trade from other ports, and pay themselves by the
percentage to which they were entitled by treaty stipulation.
On the 17th of July, 1861, President Juarez brought matters to a crisis
by the publication of a decree, the first article of which declared that
"all payments are suspended for two years, including the assignments for
the loan made in London and for the foreign conventions."[197]
On the 23rd, Sir Charles Wyke, the British minister, demanded the repeal
of this law within forty-eight hours. On the 24th, the French minister
demanded its repeal within twenty-four hours. These demands were not
complied with and diplomatic relations were immediately broken off by
the British and French representatives.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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