On the administration, and particularly the ascendancy of the House of Representatives under Reed, consult: De A.S. Alexander, _History and Procedure of the House of Representatives_ (1916); Mary P. Follett, _Speaker of the House of Representatives_ (1896); C.S. Olcott, _William McKinley_ (2 vols., 1916); J.G. Cannon in _Harper's Magazine_ (Mar., 1920); _Annual Cyclopaedia_, 1890, pp. 181-191; S.W. McCall, _Thomas B. Reed_ (1914), well written, although adding little to what was already known; H.D. Croly, _Marcus A. Hanna_ (1912); W.D. Foulke, _Fighting the Spoilsman_ (1919), on Harrison and the civil service; G.W. Curtis, _Orations and Addresses_ (2 vols., 1894), summarizes the administration's attitude toward civil service; T.B. Reed, _Reed's Rules, A Manual of General Parliamentary Law_ (1894), gives a concise summary of parliamentary conditions from Reed's standpoint; H.B. Fuller, _The Speakers of the House_ (1909), excellent on the personal side. The tariff is well treated in Stanwood, Taussig and Tarbell. On pensions consult W.H. Glasson, _History of Military Pension Legislation in the United States_ (1900), or better, the same author's _Federal Military Pensions in the United States_ (1918). * * * * * [1] The vice-presidential candidate was Allan G. Thurman of Ohio, affectionately known as the "noble old Roman," one of whose titles to fame was the ownership of a large red bandanna handkerchief which he nourished on all occasions. [2] A party worker who realized the opportunity which this fact presented complained that Pennsylvania manufacturers who made fortunes under protection did not contribute to the Republican campaign fund, and remarked: "If I had my way about it I would put the manufacturers of Pennsylvania under the fire and fry all the fat out of them." [3] The remaining members of the cabinet were: Redfield Proctor, Vt., Secretary of War; W.H.H. Miller, Ind., Attorney-General; B.F. Tracy, N.Y., Secretary of the Navy; J.W. Noble, Mo., Secretary of the Interior; J.M. Rusk, Wis., Secretary of Agriculture. [4] Corporal Tanner is commonly supposed to have been so anxious to have a hand in the generous distribution of government revenue among the old soldiers that he declared one morning as he seated himself at his desk, "God help the surplus." This is a mistake, although the Corporal seems to have been more ready than the President to act quickly and generously on claims. [5] The open character of the financial corruption of the campaign also gave impetus to the movement for the secret or Australian ballot which was first introduced in Louisville, Ky., on Feb. 28, 1888, and in Massachusetts on May 29, of the same year. Another reform movement was that which resulted in the destruction of the Louisiana lottery. Cf. A.K. McClure, _Recollections_, 173-183, and Peck, _Twenty Years_, 215-220.