Frederic Keeling, _Child Labour in the United Kingdom_. P.S. King. Clementina Black, _Sweating_. Duckworth. R.H. Tawney, _Studies in the Minimum Wage_: (i) _Chainmaking_; (ii) _Tailoring_. G. Bell & Sons. J.A. Hobson, _Work and Wealth_. Macmillan. Edward Howarth and Mona Wilson, _West Ham: A Study_. Dent. Sir Thomas Oliver, M.D., _Dangerous Trades_. John Murray. _Annual Reports of International Association for Labour Legislation_ (_British Section_), 1906-14. To be obtained of the Secretary, Queen Anne's Chambers, 28 Broadway, Westminster. Ernest Barker, _Nationalism and Internationalism_. C.S.U. Pamphlets, Mowbray, Oxford. Dr. Bauer, _International Legislation_. Mowbray, Oxford. Ernest Francke, 'International Labour Treaties,' _Economic Journal_ (June, 1909). Reprinted separately, Macmillan. Albert Metin, _Les Traites Ouvriers_. Armand Colin: Paris. E. Mahaim, _Le Droit International Ouvrier_. Librairie Recueil-Sirey: Paris. Fagnot, Millerand et Strohl, _La Duree legale du Travail_. Felix Alcan: Paris. Paul Boyaval, _La Lutte contre le Sweating System_. Felix Alcan: Paris. Students might also consult the following Reports: _Le Travail a Domicile en France_. Ministere du Travail: Paris. _Le Travail a Domicile en Belgique_. Ministere du Travail: Bruxelles. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 31: These figures represent the position at the last meeting of the Association held at Zurich, 1912.] [Footnote 32: The distinguished Permanent Head of the French Labour Office.] XI COMMON IDEALS OF SOCIAL REFORM Earlier ages were more able than ours to believe in the good old days. We, knowing more of the past than our forefathers did, can find in it no golden age. But our eyes do not rest even upon the present. In the nineteenth century men thought they were at the end of a process, and their evolutionary creed was often only a polite method of saying what fine fellows they were. Now we look forward. The future seems to us longer than the past and more important than the present; and we ourselves seem to be at the beginning rather than at the end of time. A knowledge of the past has made it impossible to believe that growth has stopped, and we understand how different the future may be, in part at least, by perceiving how different even this grimy and blood-stained present is from the still more inhuman past. Among the recorded changes the Economists write of an increasing interchange of goods, and we can see as well an increasing interchange of ideas across the frontiers of States. Music, painting, literature, and science have all been influenced; and ideas concerning political, economic, and social facts have been affected by that interchange which has developed our philosophy, our science, and our art. No one nation has originated all; and each nation has depended on hints and hypotheses which have arisen in others.