Is not the unapproachable excellence of Greek statuary--that art never
since equalled, and most likely, from the absence of the needful social
stimulus, destined never to be equalled--already sufficiently
explained? Consider, says our author, the nature of the Greek sculptor's
preparation. These men have observed the human body naked and in
movement, in the bath and the gymnasium, in sacred dances and public
games. They have noted those forms and attitudes in which are revealed
vigour, health, and activity. And during three or four hundred years
they have thus modified, corrected and developed their notions of
corporeal beauty. There is, therefore, nothing surprising in the fact
that Greek sculpture finally arrived at the ideal model, the perfect
type, as it was, of the human body. Our highest notions of physical
beauty, down to the present day, have been bequeathed to us by the
Greeks. The earliest modern sculptors who abandoned the bony, hideous,
starveling figures of the monkish Middle Ages, learned their first
lessons in better things from Greek bas-reliefs. And if, to-day,
forgetting our half-developed bodies, inefficiently nourished, because
of our excessive brain-work, and with their muscles weak and flabby from
want of strenuous exercise, we wish to contemplate the human form in its
grandest perfection, we must go to Hellenic art for our models.
The Greeks were, in the highest sense of the word, an intellectual race;
but they never allowed the mind to tyrannize over the body. Spiritual
perfection, accompanied by corporeal feebleness, was the invention of
asceticism; and the Greeks were never ascetics. Diogenes might scorn
superfluous luxuries, but if he ever rolled and tumbled his tub about as
Rabelais says he did, it is clear that the victory of spirit over body
formed no part of his theory of things. Such an idea would have been
incomprehensible to a Greek in Plato's time. Their consciences were not
over active. They were not burdened with a sense of sinfulness. Their
aspirations were decidedly finite; and they believed in securing the
maximum completeness of this terrestrial life. Consequently they never
set the physical below the intellectual. To return to our author, they
never, in their statues, subordinated symmetry to expression, the body
to the head. They were interested not only in the prominence of the
brows, the width of the forehead, and the curvature of the lips, but
quite as much in the massiveness of the chest, the compactness of the
thighs, and the solidity of the arms and legs. Not only the face, but
the whole body, had for them its physiognomy. They left picturesqueness
to the painter, and dramatic fervour to the poet; and keeping strictly
before their eyes the narrow but exalted problem of representing the
beauty of symmetry, they filled their sanctuaries and public places with
those grand motionless people of brass, gold, ivory, copper, and marble,
in whom humanity recognizes its highest artistic types.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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