The Useful Arts Employed in the Construction of Dwelling Houses. Second EditionAnonymous
History
The Useful Arts Employed in the Construction of Dwelling Houses. Second Edition
Anonymous
Architecture, Domestic; Building materials; Dwellings -- Design and construction
A MODEL DWELLING-HOUSE.
The late Sir John Robison’s House at Edinburgh.
The various contrivances for rendering a dwelling-house complete in all
that respects the comfort of the inmates, could not perhaps be better
illustrated than by taking some actual instance, and showing what has
really been effected. The late Sir John Robison, an enlightened man of
science at Edinburgh, erected a house in the north-west part of that
city, and fitted it up with a care which has been rarely observed in
other places. So much has this house been regarded as a model, that a
full description of it has been given in the Supplement to LOUDON’S
_Encyclopædia of Cottage and Villa Architecture_; and we propose
to give an abstract of such portions of this description as can be
understood without the aid of elaborate drawings.
The distribution of the internal space of the house is so managed,
that, with the exception of two partitions in the first chamber-floor,
which cross the floors without resting on them, all the internal
walls reach from the foundation to the roof. The two partitions here
mentioned are of stone, and are supported on cast-iron beams isolated
from the floors, the joists of which are supported by wooden beams
placed alongside, but not connected with the iron beam. The movements
of the flooring, therefore, are not communicated to the partitions, and
do not consequently affect them by vibration.
The arrangement of the rooms, staircases, and passages, has especial
reference to the ventilation of the whole house. While the mass of
air in the rooms and passages is constantly undergoing renewal by the
escape of the vitiated air above, and the admission of large supplies
of fresh air from below, no currents are perceived in the apartments,
which, even when crowded with company, and amply lighted, preserve a
remarkable degree of freshness. Cylindrical flues of earthenware, nine
inches in diameter, are built into the gables, in close proximity to
the smoke flues of each room; and the lower ends of these ventilating
flues open into the spaces between the ceilings of the respective rooms
and the floors of those above them; and there is one or more of these
exit air-flues in each room, according to its size and use. The heated
and vitiated vapours pass upwards through the ceiling by a continuous
opening of about one inch and a half wide (behind one of the fillets
of the cornice) all round each room; and having thus passed into the
space between the ceiling and the floor immediately above, they ascend
by the flues in the wall, and are discharged by them into the vacant
space between the ceilings of the attics and the roof, from whence they
find their way through the slates to the open air. The passage for the
air through the cornice is not visible from the floor of any of the
rooms, an ornamental moulding being so arranged as to conceal it. The
air flues are made to terminate above the ceilings of the attics, and
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