(8) The scheme under consideration gives no value concept which the economist can make any particular use of. It gives only ratios between marginal utilities in the mind of the same individual, and abstract market ratios. It gives no _quantitative_ value, which can be attributed to goods as a quality,[87] a homogeneous quality of wealth by means of which diverse sorts of wealth may be compared, funded, etc. Such a concept is, however, necessary for the economic analysis, and Schumpeter is driven to creating substitutes for it of various sorts, notably _Kaufkraft_ and _Kapital_. _Kaufkraft_, as Schumpeter uses the term, is not derived from marginal utility, but is an abstraction from the idea of money. It is not a quantity of money alone, nor even of money and credit, but is a fund of "abstract power," which depends not alone on the quantity of money and credit in which it is embodied, but also on the prices of goods.[88] This _Kaufkraft_ is needed to give the causal "steam," the "motivating power," which the social value concept connotes, but which ratios in the market lack. Similarly, _Kapital_ is conceived of as an agent, a dynamic force, distinguished from accumulations of concrete productive instruments, by means of which the entrepreneur gets control of land, labor and instrumental goods.[89] Other functions of the quantitative value are shouldered on a hard-worked and unusually defined concept, _Kredit_, which leads Schumpeter into certain "heresies"[90] regarding credit, which are mostly harmless in themselves, but which will arouse misunderstanding and opposition. "_Praeter necessitatem entia non multiplicanda sunt_," and the social value concept, which covers by inclusion the notion of market ratio--market ratios being ratios between social values--and which does all the work that Schumpeter attributes to _Kapital_ and _Kaufkraft_, and most of the new work which he attributes to _Kredit_, is to be preferred,[91] if only on grounds of intellectual economy. "Capital" is then saved for more usual meanings, and economy in terminology is also effected. Schumpeter also departs, as shown, from the abstract market ratio notion in erecting a causal theory of value, in which "marginal utility" is used as the equivalent of a quantitative value, and is traced by the Austrian imputation process back to the original factors of production. He even speaks of labor as having "utility," whereas labor,[92] unless used in domestic service, has, not utility, but only value.