Finally, let us sum up the more important modifications which domestic rabbits have undergone, together with their causes as far as we can obscurely see them. By the supply of abundant and nutritious food, together with little exercise, and by the continued selection of the heaviest individuals, the weight of the larger breeds has been more than doubled. The bones of the limbs taken together have increased in weight, in due proportion with the increased weight of body, but the hind legs have increased less than the front legs; but in length they have not increased in due proportion, and this may have been caused by the want of proper exercise. With the increased size of the body the third cervical has assumed characters proper to the fourth cervical vertebra; and the eighth and ninth dorsal vertebræ have similarly assumed characters proper to the tenth and posterior vertebræ. The skull in the larger breeds has increased in length, but not in due proportion with the increased length of body; the brain has not duly increased in dimensions, or has even actually decreased, and consequently the bony case for the brain has remained narrow, and by correlation has affected the bones of the face and the entire length of the skull. The skull has thus acquired its characteristic narrowness. From unknown causes the supra-orbital process of the frontal bones and the free end of the malar bones have increased in breadth; and in the larger breeds the occipital foramen is generally much less deeply notched than in wild rabbits. Certain parts of the scapula and the terminal sternal bones have become highly variable in shape. The ears have been increased enormously in length and breadth through continued selection; their weight, conjoined probably with the disuse of their muscles, has caused them to lop downwards; and this has affected the position and form of the bony auditory meatus; and this again, by correlation, the position in a slight degree of almost every bone in the upper part of the skull, and even the position of the condyles of the lower jaw. REFERENCES [1] M. P. Gervais, ‘Hist. Nat. des Mammifères,’ 1854, tom. i., p. 288. [2] U. Aldrovandi ‘De Quadrupedibus digitatis,’ 1637, p. 383. For Confucius and G. Markham _see_ a writer who has studied the subject in ‘Cottage Gardener,’ Jan. 22, 1861, p. 250. [3] Owen, ‘British Fossil Mammals,’ p. 212. [4] Bechstein, ‘Naturgesch. Deutschlands,’ 1801, B. i. p. 1133. I have received similar accounts with respect to England and Scotland. [5] ‘Pigeons and Rabbits,’ by E. S. Delamer, 1854, p. 133. Sir J. Sebright (‘Observations on Instinct,’ 1836, p. 10.) speaks most strongly on the difficulty. But this difficulty is not invariable, as I have received two accounts of perfect success in taming and breeding from the wild rabbit. _See also_ Dr. P. Broca in ‘Journal de la Physiologie,’ tom. ii. p. 368. [6] Gervais, ‘Hist. Nat. des Mammifères,’ tom. i. p. 292.