[83] ‘The Dog,’ 1845, pp. 31, 35; with respect to King Charles’s spaniel, p. 45; for the setter, p. 90. [84] In the ‘Encyclop. of Rural Sports,’ p. 557. [85] Author of ‘Researches into the History of the British Dog.’ [86] _See_ Col. Hamilton Smith on the antiquity of the Pointer, in ‘Nat. Lib.’ vol. x. p. 196. [87] The Newfoundland dog is believed to have originated from a cross between the Esquimaux dog and a large French hound. _See_ Dr. Hodgkin ‘British Assoc.,’ 1844; Bechstein ‘Naturgesch. Deutschland,’ B. i. s. 574; ‘Nat. Lib.,’ vol. x. p. 132; also Mr. Jukes’ ‘Excursion in and about Newfoundland.’ [88] De Blainville ‘Ostéographie, Felis,’ p. 65, on the character of _F. caligulata_; pp. 85, 89, 90, 175, on the other mummied species. He quotes Ehrenberg on _F. maniculata_ being mummied. [89] Asiatic Soc. of Calcutta; Curator’s Report, Aug. 1856. The passage from Sir W. Jardine is quoted from this Report. Mr. Blyth, who has especially attended to the wild and domestic cats of India, has given in this Report a very interesting discussion on their origin. [90] ‘Fauna Hungariæ Sup.,’ 1862, s. 12. [91] Isid. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, ‘Hist. Nat. Gén.,’ tom. iii. p. 177. [92] ‘Proc. Zoolog. Soc.,’ 1863, p. 184. [93] ‘Säugethiere von Paraguay,’ 1830, s. 212. [94] ‘Mem. présentés par divers Savans: Acad. Roy. des Sciences,’ tom. vi. p. 346. Gomara first noticed this fact in 1554. [95] ‘Narrative of Voyages,’ vol. ii. p. 180. [96] J. Crawfurd ‘Descript. Dict. of the Indian Islands,’ p. 255. The Madagascar cat is said to have a twisted tail; _see_ Desmarest in ‘Encyclop. Nat. Mamm.,’ 1820, p. 233, for some of the other breeds. [97] Admiral Lutké’s Voyage, vol. iii. p. 308. [98] ‘Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, Mammalia,’ p. 20. Dieffenbach ‘Travels in New Zealand,’ vol. ii. p. 185. Ch. St. John ‘Wild Sports of the Highlands,’ 1846, p. 40. [99] Quoted by Isid. Geoffroy ‘Hist. Nat. Gén.,’ tom. iii. p. 427. CHAPTER II. HORSES AND ASSES. HORSE. DIFFERENCES IN THE BREEDS—INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF—DIRECT EFFECTS OF THE CONDITIONS OF LIFE—CAN WITHSTAND MUCH COLD—BREEDS MUCH MODIFIED BY SELECTION—COLOURS OF THE HORSE—DAPPLING—DARK STRIPES ON THE SPINE, LEGS, SHOULDERS, AND FOREHEAD—DUN-COLOURED HORSES MOST FREQUENTLY STRIPED—STRIPES PROBABLY DUE TO REVERSION TO THE PRIMITIVE STATE OF THE HORSE. ASSES. BREEDS OF—COLOUR OF—LEG- AND SHOULDER-STRIPES—SHOULDER-STRIPES SOMETIMES ABSENT, SOMETIMES FORKED.