The common belief that all domesticated animals, when they run
wild, revert completely to the character of their parent-stock, is
chiefly founded, as far as I can discover, on feral pigs. But even
in this case the belief is not grounded on sufficient evidence; for
the two main types, namely, _S. scrofa_ and _indicus,_ have not
been distinguished. The young, as we have just seen, reacquire
their longitudinal stripes, and the boars invariably reassume their
tusks. They revert also in the general shape of their bodies, and
in the length of their legs and muzzles, to the state of the wild
animal, as might have been expected from the amount of exercise
which they are compelled to take in search of food. In Jamaica the
feral pigs do not acquire the full size of the European wild boar,
“never attaining a greater height than 20 inches at the shoulder.”
In various countries they reassume their original bristly covering,
but in different degrees, dependent on the climate; thus, according
to Roulin, the semi-feral pigs in the hot valleys of New Granada
are very scantily clothed; whereas, on the Paramos, at the height
of 7000 to 8000 feet, they acquire a thick covering of wool lying
under the bristles, like that on the truly wild pigs of France.
These pigs on the Paramos are small and stunted. The wild boar of
India is said to have the bristles at the end of its tail arranged
like the plumes of an arrow, whilst the European boar has a simple
tuft; and it is a curious fact that many, but not all, of the feral
pigs in Jamaica, derived from a Spanish stock, have a plumed
tail.[29] With respect to colour, feral pigs generally revert to
that of the wild boar; but in certain parts of S. America, as we
have seen, some of the semi-feral pigs have a curious white band
across their stomachs; and in certain other hot places the pigs are
red, and this colour has likewise occasionally been observed in the
feral pigs of Jamaica. From these several facts we see that with
pigs when feral there is a strong tendency to revert to the wild
type; but that this tendency is largely governed by the nature of
the climate, amount of exercise, and other causes of change to
which they have been subjected.
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