I will now give a brief description of all the principal breeds. The following diagram may aid the reader in learning their names and seeing their affinities. The rock-pigeon, or _Columba livia_ (including under this name two or three closely-allied sub-species or geographical races, hereafter to be described), may be confidently viewed, as we shall see in the next chapter, as the common parent-form. The names in italics on the right-hand side of the table show us the most distinct breeds, or those which have undergone the greatest amount of modification. The lengths of the dotted lines rudely represent the degree of distinctness of each breed from the parent-stock, and the names {135} placed under each other in the columns show the more or less closely connecting links. The distances of the dotted lines from each other approximately represent the amount of difference between the several breeds. [Illustration: Fig. 17.--The Rock-pigeon, or Columba livia.[280] The parent-form of all domesticated Pigeons.] {136} COLUMBA LIVIA or ROCK-PIGEON GROUP I. GROUP II. 1. SUB- 2. 3. 4. . GROUPS. . . Kali-Par . . . . . ...Murassa . . . . . Bussorah . . . .................... . . . . . . . Bagadotten . . . . . . . . . Scanderoon . . . . . . . . . . Tronfo . . . . . German P. . . . . Lille P. . . . . . Dragon Pigeon . . . . Cygne . Dutch P. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . English English Runt. Barb. Pouter. Carrier. GROUP III. GROUP IV.