_Bos trochoceros._--This form is not included in the three species above mentioned, for it is now considered by Rütimeyer to be the female of an early domesticated form of _B. primigenius_, and as the progenitor of his _frontosus_ race. I may add that specific names have been given to four other fossil oxen, now believed to be identical with _B. primigenius_.[182] _Bos longifrons_ (or _brachyceros_) of Owen.--This very distinct species was of small size, and had a short body with fine legs. It has been found in England associated with the remains of the elephant and rhinoceros.[183] It was the commonest form in a domesticated condition in Switzerland during the earliest part of the Neolithic period. It was domesticated in England during the Roman period, and supplied food to the Roman legionaries.[184] Some remains have been found in Ireland in certain crannoges, of which the dates are believed to be from 843-933 A.D.[185] Professor Owen[186] thinks it probable that the Welsh and Highland cattle are descended from this form; as likewise is the case, according to Rütimeyer, with some of the existing Swiss breeds. These latter are of different shades of colour from light-grey to blackish-brown, with a lighter stripe along the spine, but they have no pure white marks. The cattle of North Wales and the Highlands, on the other hand, are generally black or dark-coloured. _Bos frontosus_ of Nilsson.--This species is allied to _B. longifrons_, but in the opinion of some good judges is distinct from it. Both co-existed in Scania during the same late geological period,[187] and both have been found in the Irish crannoges.[188] Nilsson believes that his _B. frontosus_ may be the {82} parent of the mountain cattle of Norway, which have a high protuberance on the skull between the base of the horns. As Professor Owen believes that the Scotch Highland cattle are descended from his _B. longifrons_, it is worth notice that a capable judge[189] has remarked that he saw no cattle in Norway like the Highland breed, but that they more nearly resembled the Devonshire breed.