TABLE 7.II. COLUMN 1. Length of Sternum (in inches and decimals.) COLUMN 2. Depth of Crest of Sternum (in inches and decimals.). COLUMN 3. Depth of Crest relatively to the length of the Sternum, in comparison with Gallus bankiva. 1. 2. 3. Gallus bankiva -- male. 4.20 1.40 100 1. Cochin -- male. 5.83 1.55 78 2. Dorking -- male. 6.95 1.97 84 3. Spanish -- male. 6.10 1.83 90 4. Polish -- male. 5.07 1.50 87 5. Game -- male. 5.55 1.55 81 6. Malay -- female. 5.10 1.50 87 7. Sultan -- male. 4.47 1.36 90 8. Frizzled hen -- male. 4.25 1.20 84 9. Burmese Jumper -- female. 3.06 0.85 81 10. Hamburgh -- male. 5.08 1.40 81 11. Hamburgh -- female. 4.55 1.26 81 12. Silk fowl -- female. 4.49 1.01 66 In Table 7.II. in the two first columns we see in inches and decimals the length of the sternum, and the extreme depth of its crest to which the pectoral muscles are attached. In the third column we have the calculated depth of the crest, relatively to the length of the sternum, in comparison with these same parts in G. bankiva. (7/75. The third column is calculated on the same principle as explained in footnote 7/73 above.) By looking to the third column we see that in every case the depth of the crest relatively to the length of the sternum, in comparison with G. bankiva, is diminished, generally between 10 and 20 per cent. But the degree of reduction varies much, partly in consequence of the frequently deformed state of the sternum. In the Silk fowl, which cannot fly, the crest is 34 per cent less deep than what it ought to have been. This reduction of the crest in all the breeds probably accounts for the great variability, before referred to, in the curvature of the furculum, and in the shape of its sternal extremity. Medical men believe that the abnormal form of the spine so commonly observed in women of the higher ranks results from the attached muscles not being fully exercised. So it is with our domestic fowls, for they use their pectoral muscles but little, and, out of twenty-five sternums examined by me, three alone were perfectly symmetrical, ten were moderately crooked, and twelve were deformed to an extreme degree. Mr. Romanes, however, believes that the malformation is due to fowls whilst young resting their sternums on the sticks on which they roost.]