In a few instances selection, guided by utility for a single purpose, has led to convergence of character. All the improved and different races of the pig, as Nathusius has well shown (21/59. 'Die Racen des Schweines' 1860 s. 48.), closely approach each other in character, in their shortened legs and muzzles, their almost hairless, large, rounded bodies, and small tusks. We see some degree of convergence in the similar outline of the body in well-bred cattle belonging to distinct races. (21/60. See some good remarks on this head by M. de Quatrefages 'Unite de l'Espece Humaine' 1861 page 119.) I know of no other such cases. Continued divergence of character depends on, and is indeed a clear proof, as previously remarked, of the same parts continuing to vary in the same direction. The tendency to mere general variability or plasticity of organisation can certainly be inherited, even from one parent, as has been shown by Gartner and Kolreuter, in the production of varying hybrids from two species, of which one alone was variable. It is in itself probable that, when an organ has varied in any manner, it will again vary in the same manner, if the conditions which first caused the being to vary remain, as far as can be judged, the same. This is either tacitly or expressly admitted by all horticulturists: if a gardener observes one or two additional petals in a flower, he feels confident that in a few generations he will be able to raise a double flower, crowded with petals. Some of the seedlings from the weeping Moccas oak were so prostrate that they only crawled along the ground. A seedling from the fastigiate or upright Irish yew is described as differing greatly from the parent-form "by the exaggeration of the fastigiate habit of its branches." (21/61. Verlot 'Des Varietes' 1865 page 94.) Mr. Shirreff, who has been highly successful in raising new kinds of wheat, remarks, "A good variety may safely be regarded as the forerunner of a better one." (21/62. Mr. Patrick Shirreff 'Gardener's Chronicle' 1858 page 771.) A great rose-grower, Mr. Rivers, has made the same remark with respect to roses. Sageret (21/63. 'Pomologie Physiolog.' 1830 page 106.), who had large experience, in speaking of the future progress of fruit-trees, observes that the most important principle is "that the more plants have departed from their original type, the more they tend to depart from it." There is apparently much truth in this remark; for we can in no other way understand the surprising amount of difference between varieties in the parts or qualities which are valued, whilst other parts retain nearly their original character.