The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human NatureJames, William
ReligionComparative
The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature
James, William
Conversion; Experience (Religion); Philosophy and religion; Psychology, Religious; Religion
“I have been through the experience which is known as conversion.
My explanation of it is this: the subject works his emotions up to
the breaking point, at the same time resisting their physical
manifestations, such as quickened pulse, etc., and then suddenly
lets them have their full sway over his body. The relief is
something wonderful, and the pleasurable effects of the emotions
are experienced to the highest degree.”
There is one form of sensory automatism which possibly deserves special
notice on account of its frequency. I refer to hallucinatory or pseudo‐
hallucinatory luminous phenomena, _photisms_, to use the term of the
psychologists. Saint Paul’s blinding heavenly vision seems to have been a
phenomenon of this sort; so does Constantine’s cross in the sky. The last
case but one which I quoted mentions floods of light and glory. Henry
Alline mentions a light, about whose externality he seems uncertain.
Colonel Gardiner sees a blazing light. President Finney writes:—
“All at once the glory of God shone upon and round about me in a
manner almost marvelous.... A light perfectly ineffable shone in
my soul, that almost prostrated me on the ground.... This light
seemed like the brightness of the sun in every direction. It was
too intense for the eyes.... I think I knew something then, by
actual experience, of that light that prostrated Paul on the way
to Damascus. It was surely a light such as I could not have
endured long.”(138)
Such reports of photisms are indeed far from uncommon. Here is another
from Starbuck’s collection, where the light appeared evidently external:—
“I had attended a series of revival services for about two weeks
off and on. Had been invited to the altar several times, all the
time becoming more deeply impressed, when finally I decided I must
do this, or I should be lost. Realization of conversion was very
vivid, like a ton’s weight being lifted from my heart; a strange
light which seemed to light up the whole room (for it was dark); a
conscious supreme bliss which caused me to repeat ‘Glory to God’
for a long time. Decided to be God’s child for life, and to give
up my pet ambition, wealth and social position. My former habits
of life hindered my growth somewhat, but I set about overcoming
these systematically, and in one year my whole nature was changed,
i.e., my ambitions were of a different order.”
Here is another one of Starbuck’s cases, involving a luminous element:—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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