The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human NatureJames, William
ReligionComparative
The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature
James, William
Conversion; Experience (Religion); Philosophy and religion; Psychology, Religious; Religion
The “misery‐habit,” the “martyr‐habit,” engendered by the prevalent
“fearthought,” get pungent criticism from the mind‐cure writers:—
“Consider for a moment the habits of life into which we are born.
There are certain social conventions or customs and alleged
requirements, there is a theological bias, a general view of the
world. There are conservative ideas in regard to our early
training, our education, marriage, and occupation in life.
Following close upon this, there is a long series of
anticipations, namely, that we shall suffer certain children’s
diseases, diseases of middle life, and of old age; the thought
that we shall grow old, lose our faculties, and again become
childlike; while crowning all is the fear of death. Then there is
a long line of particular fears and trouble‐bearing expectations,
such, for example, as ideas associated with certain articles of
food, the dread of the east wind, the terrors of hot weather, the
aches and pains associated with cold weather, the fear of catching
cold if one sits in a draught, the coming of hay‐fever upon the
14th of August in the middle of the day, and so on through a long
list of fears, dreads, worriments, anxieties, anticipations,
expectations, pessimisms, morbidities, and the whole ghostly train
of fateful shapes which our fellow‐men, and especially physicians,
are ready to help us conjure up, an array worthy to rank with
Bradley’s ‘unearthly ballet of bloodless categories.’
“Yet this is not all. This vast array is swelled by innumerable
volunteers from daily life,—the fear of accident, the possibility
of calamity, the loss of property, the chance of robbery, of fire,
or the outbreak of war. And it is not deemed sufficient to fear
for ourselves. When a friend is taken ill, we must forthwith fear
the worst and apprehend death. If one meets with sorrow ...
sympathy means to enter into and increase the suffering.”(48)
“Man,” to quote another writer, “often has fear stamped upon him
before his entrance into the outer world; he is reared in fear;
all his life is passed in bondage to fear of disease and death,
and thus his whole mentality becomes cramped, limited, and
depressed, and his body follows its shrunken pattern and
specification.... Think of the millions of sensitive and
responsive souls among our ancestors who have been under the
dominion of such a perpetual nightmare! Is it not surprising that
health exists at all? Nothing but the boundless divine love,
exuberance, and vitality, constantly poured in, even though
unconsciously to us, could in some degree neutralize such an ocean
of morbidity.”(49)
Although the disciples of the mind‐cure often use Christian terminology,
one sees from such quotations how widely their notion of the fall of man
diverges from that of ordinary Christians.(50)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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