The Vertebrate SkeletonReynolds, Sidney H. (Sidney Hugh)
Science
The Vertebrate Skeleton
Reynolds, Sidney H. (Sidney Hugh)
Skeleton
Teeth may be present not only on the jaw-bones, but as in many
_Squamata_, also on the palatines, pterygoids or vomers. The method
by which they are attached to the bones varies much. Sometimes as in
_Iguana_ and some other lizards, they are pleurodont[1], sometimes
they are acrodont[92], as in the Rhynchocephalia, Pythonomorpha,
Ophidia and some Lacertilia such as _Agama_. Again they may be set in
a continuous groove as in the Ichthyosauria and young Crocodilia.
Finally the teeth may be _thecodont_ or placed in distinct sockets as
in the Theromorpha, Sauropterygia, adult Crocodilia, Sauropoda and
Theropoda. In _Iguanodon_ the teeth are set in shallow sockets in a
groove one side of which is higher than the other; the method of
attachment thus shows points of resemblance to the thecodont
condition, the pleurodont condition, and that met with in the
Ichthyosauria.
In _Ichthyosaurus_ the teeth are marked by a number of vertical
furrows, and it is from a furrow of this nature greatly enlarged and
converted into a tube that the channel down which flows the poison of
venomous snakes is derived.
In most reptiles the dentition is more or less homodont. The only
reptiles in which a definite heterodont dentition is known are the
extinct Theromorpha, and in them the teeth vary greatly. Thus
_Udenodon_ is toothless, the jaws having been probably cased in a
horny beak. In _Dicynodon_ the jaws are likewise toothless with the
exception of a pair of permanently growing tusks borne by the maxillae.
_Dicynodon_ is the only known reptile whose teeth have permanently
growing pulps. In _Pariasaurus_ the teeth are uniform and very
numerous, and though placed in distinct sockets are ankylosed to the
jaw. In _Galesaurus_ and _Cynognathus_ three kinds of teeth can be
distinguished, slender conical incisor-like teeth, large canine-like
teeth, and cheek teeth with two or three cusps. The teeth in
_Galesaurus_ are confined to the jaws, in _Placodus_ and its allies,
however, large flat crushing teeth are attached to the palatines as
well as to the jaw-bones, and in _Pariasaurus_ the vomer, palatine and
pterygoid all bear teeth as well as the jaw bones. The upper jaw of
_Sphenodon_ and other Rhynchocephalia is provided with two parallel
rows of teeth, one borne on the maxillae and one on the palatines, the
mandibular teeth bite in a groove between these two rows. The bone of
the jaws in _Sphenodon_ is so hard that when the teeth get worn away,
it can act as a substitute. In the young _Sphenodon_ the vomers bear
teeth, as they do also in _Proterosaurus_.
There is generally a continuous succession of teeth throughout life,
the new tooth coming up below, or partly at the side of the one in
use, and causing the absorption of part of its wall or base. In this
way the new tooth comes to lie in the pulp cavity of the old one. This
method of succession is well seen in the Crocodilia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account