H.F. Osborn, "Structure and Affinities of Mesozoic Mammals," _J. of Philad. Acad._ 1888, vol. IX. O.C. Marsh, "Jurassic Mammals," _Amer. J. Sci._ 1878 _et seq._ [114] See Oldfield Thomas, _Brit. Mus. Cat. of Marsupialia and Monotremata_ (1888). [115] W. Kükenthal, _Anat. Anz._ VI. p. 364, 1891. C. Röse, _Anat. Anz._ VII. p. 639. [116] These bones however have no connection with the marsupium, being nearly equally developed in both male and female. They are simply sesamoid bones forming ossifications in the inner tendon of the external oblique muscle, and are developed as supports for the abdominal wall. Very similar structures have been independently developed in various Amphibians, Reptiles and monodelphian Mammals. See W. Leche, _Biol. Fören._ III. p. 120. [117] See H. Gadow, _P.Z.S._ 1892, p. 361. [118] See W.H. Flower, "On the Mutual Affinities of the Animals composing the order Edentata," _P.Z.S._ 1882, p. 358. For the fossil Edentates of N. America see E. Cope, _Amer. Natural._ 1889; for those of S. America see various papers by F. Ameghino, H. Burmeister and R. Owen. Also T.H. Huxley, "On the Osteology of Glyptodon," _Phil. Trans._ 1865. [119] See J.F. Brandt, _Symbolae Sirenologicae_, St Petersburg, 1846, 1861, 1868. [120] Epiphyses are fully developed in _Halitherium_, and traces occur in _Manatus_. [121] See P.J. van Beneden and P. Gervais, _Ostéographie des Cétacés_, 1869-80. [122] H. Wincza, _Morphol. Jahrb._ XVI., p. 647. [123] See M. Pavlow, "Études sur l'histoire paléontologique des Ongulés." _Bull. Soc. Moscou_, 1887--1890. [124] In a _plantigrade_ animal the whole of the foot is placed on the ground in walking. A _digitigrade_ animal places only its toes on the ground. An intermediate condition is distinguished by the term _subplantigrade_. [125] See p. 345. [126] See p. 401. [127] See E.D. Cope, "The Perissodactyla," _Amer. Natural._, 1887. [128] See E.D. Cope, "The Condylarthra," _Amer. Natural._, 1884, and "Synopsis of the Vertebrates of the Puerco series," _Tr. Amer. Phil. Soc._, 1888. O.C. Marsh, "A new order of extinct Eocene Mammals (Mesodactyla)," _Amer. J. Sci._, 1892. [129] See O. Thomas, "On the species of Hyracoidea," _P.Z.S._, 1892, p. 50. [130] See E.D. Cope, "The Amblypoda," _Amer. Natural._, 1884 and 1885. [131] See O.C. Marsh, "The Dinocerata," _U.S. Geol. Survey_, 1884, vol. X. [132] See O.C. Marsh, _Amer. J. Sci._, 1875 and 1876. [133] E.D. Cope, "The Creodonta," _Amer. Natural._, 1884. W.B. Scott, "Revision of the N. American Creodonta," _P. Ac. Philad._, 1892. [134] See next paragraph. [135] St G. Mivart, _The Cat_, London, 1881. [136] St G. Mivart, _P.Z.S._, 1885. [137] St G. Mivart, "On the Osteology of Insectivora," _J. Anat. Physiol. norm. path._, 1867 and 1868, and _P.Z.S._, 1871. G.E. Dobson, _Monograph of the Insectivora_, London, 1882--90. [138] See G.E. Dobson, _Brit. Mus. Catalogue of Chiroptera_, 1878. See also other papers by the same author and by Oldfield Thomas.