Epi-hyal, cod, 100; dog, 399; salmon, 94 Epi-otic, 20; cod, 96; crocodile, 250; Labyrinthodontia, 177; reptiles, 278; salmon, 89; turtle, 227 Epiphysis, 11 Epiplastron, turtle, 217 Epiprecoracoid, Amphibia, 184; turtle, 232 Epipterygoid, Lacertilia, 200; reptiles, 278 Epipubis, crocodile, 267; newt, 149; turtle, 235 Episternum, 217; frog, 163 Equidae, _46_; mane, 416; scapula, 496; skull, 471 _Equus_, _46_; see Horse Erinaceidae, _49_ _Erinaceus_, _49_; dental formula, 440; pelvic symphysis, 515; presternum, 490; see Hedgehog Esocidae, _33_ Esox, _33_; attachment of teeth, 107 Ethmoid, 394; see median ethmoid Ethmoidal plane, 390; -- region, 21 Ethmo-palatine ligament, dogfish, 77 Ethmo-turbinal, dog, 395 _Euchirosaurus_, _35_; vertebrae, 171 Eustachian canal, see Canal Eusuchia, _39_; general characters, 212 Eutheria, _43_; general characters, 351 _Exocaetus_, _33_; pectoral fins, 131 Exoccipital, 19; cod, 97; crocodile, 246; dog, 386; duck, 314; frog, 154; newt, 141; salmon, 89; turtle, 224 Exoskeleton, 2; Amphibia, 168; birds, 328; crocodile, 237; dog, 374; dogfish, 71; duck, 302; fish, 104; ganoids, 66; mammals, 442; reptiles, 270; turtle, 214 Extensor side, defined, 29 Extra-branchial, dogfish, 79 Extra-columella, crocodile, 251; turtle, 228 Fabella, dog, 412 _Falco_, _41_ Falcon _41_, 335 Falconiformes, _41_ Feathers, 3, 328; duck, 302 Felidae, _48_; claws, 418 _Felis_, _48_; dental formula, 437; thoraco-lumbar vertebrae, 450 Femoral shield, turtle, 215 Femur, 26; crocodile, 268; dog, 412; duck, 326; frog, 166; mammals, 517 f.; newt, 149; ox and rhinoceros, =518=; turtle, 235 Fenestra ovalis, crocodile, 250 f.; dog, 392; duck, 316; frog, 157; turtle, 228; -- rotunda, dog, 392; duck, 316 Fenestral recess, duck, 316 Fibula, 26; crocodile, 268; dog, 412; duck, 327; frog, 166; newt, 149; turtle, 235 Fibulare, 27; see Tarsus File-fish, _33_; see _Balistes_ Filoplume, 306 Finches, _42_ Fins, fish, 115; caudal --, Cetacea, 453; cod, 87; fish, 116; Ichthyosauria, 195; median --, cod, 86; dogfish, 79; pectoral --, cod, 103; dogfish, 79; pelvic --, cod, 103; dogfish, 81 Fin-rays, 105, 115; cod, 83, 103; dogfish, 79 Firmisternia, _36_, 185