The Victories of Wellington and the British ArmiesMaxwell, W. H. (William Hamilton)
History
The Victories of Wellington and the British Armies
Maxwell, W. H. (William Hamilton)
Great Britain -- History, Military -- 19th century; Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of, 1769-1852
The intrenchments into which Soult, on the failure of his attempts upon
the allied positions, had withdrawn his troops, covered the approach to
Bayonne on the side opposite to Anglet, retaining, however, the village
and the range of heights from the Biarits to the Nive. This strong camp
rested its left flank on the river, below the Château de Marrac and its
walled gardens--the whole position forming the segment of a circle, of
which the cathedral of Bayonne might have been considered a centre, the
extension being from the Nive to the Adour, opposite the Château de St.
Bernard.
Soult prolonged his line to the confluence of the Bidouse below Guiche,
and established his head-quarters at Peyrehorade, at the junction of
the Gave de Pau with the Gave d’Oleron. The right of the French army
was commanded by Count Reille, the left by Clausel, the centre by
D’Erlon, and a division at St. Jean Pied de Port by Harispe.
Six weeks passed on. The weather was too inclement to allow movements
to be made on either side--and the French marshal was occupied in
defending his extensive lines, and the allied general in preparing
secretly for passing the Adour.[266]
In February the weather changed--the cross roads became practicable--
and Lord Wellington with his characteristic promptness, commenced
preparatory movements for the execution of his grand conception.
To distract the attention of Soult from the defence of the Adour,
Wellington threatened the French left on the Bidouse, and directed
Hill’s corps against that of Harispe. The latter, leaving St. Jean Pied
de Port garrisoned, fell back on Hellete; retiring subsequently on
the heights of La Montagne, and next day uniting with another corps.
Thus strengthened, Harispe formed in order of battle on a very strong
position to the right of Garris.
The road, however, communicating with the bridge of St. Palais was
uncovered--and though evening had come on, and the second division,
with a Spanish corps under Morillo, were alone in hand, Lord Wellington
determined to force the position. The Spaniards were desired to march
rapidly on St. Palais, while, with Stewart’s division, the heights
should be carried. The attack was gallantly made, the enemy offered a
brave resistance,--but the position was stormed in fine style, and
held against every effort the French could make for its recovery. The
contest continued until darkness had shrouded distant objects, while
the battalions still fought with such furious obstinacy, that volleys
were interchanged within pistol range, and the bayonet frequently
resorted to. Finding it impossible to force those enduring troops from
the ground they seemed determined upon keeping, Harispe, before Morillo
could seize the bridge, succeeded in retiring his beaten corps. Falling
back upon the Gave de Mauleon, he destroyed the bridge of Navarette;
but the river was forded by the British, Harispe’s position forced, and
his division driven behind Gave d’Oleron.
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