The Viking Age. Volume 2 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nationsDu Chaillu, Paul B. (Paul Belloni)
History
The Viking Age. Volume 2 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nations
Roman gold coin (Valentinian), real size, found with fragments of a
bronze vessel, glass beads, &c.—Norway.
[Illustration:
Fig. 1285.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 1286.—Reverse.
]
Imitation of Roman gold coin, real size, found in a tumulus with
charcoal, gold ornaments, glass and amber beads, &c.—Norway.
[Illustration:
Fig. 1287.—Bracteate from Lögstör, Jutland. Real size. On it are the
cross signs and _triskele_ and two birds which recall the Saga about
Sigurd Fafnisbani, or Odin and his ravens. A similar one with two
birds has been found in Vestergötland.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 1288.—Bracteate. Southern Jutland. A warrior, bird, stag, or
horse, and dots. Real size.
]
Of the hundreds of bracteates[226] which have been discovered, a large
number were found together; and those of similar design, which have
evidently been struck from the same die, are sometimes found in regions
far apart. The bracteates with the peculiar mystic signs above
enumerated disappear entirely towards the year 600, and though
bracteates are still found they are of quite different designs; for
those with representations of dragons, serpents, &c., are of a much
later period.
Many of these designs may perhaps represent the deeds of great heroes
told in ancient songs, such for example as the scene upon the gold
bracteate found under the altar in the ancient wooden church of Gudsdal
Troen parish in Gudbrandsdal, Norway, on which an armour-clad warrior on
horseback fights a dragon. The purity of their gold is as remarkable as
the skill of their workmanship.
[Illustration:
Fig. 1289.—Bracteate. Real size.—Blekinge, Sweden.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 1290.—Bracteate. Real size.—Vestergötland, Sweden.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 1291.—Bracteate with runic alphabet.—Vadstena, Sweden. Real size.
]
The most important bracteate found is one of the two discovered near the
little town of Vadstena on the Wettern, in Sweden. It has around its
border an inscription in earlier runes, which evidently must be read
from right to left. It has been ascertained by the scholars who have
made a study of runes that, with the exception of the first division of
eight, they represent the runic alphabet in its earliest form, the
letter D being, for want of space, the only one missing.
[Illustration:
Fig. 1292.—Bracteate, Lyngby, Jutland, representing a man with a
two-horned animal, surrounded by the _svastika_, the _triskele_, and
four dots forming a cross, a circle of men’s heads, and a circle of
animals. Real size.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 1293.—Bracteate in Copenhagen Museum. Warrior, with a sword,
fighting animals. Real size.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 1294.—Bracteate found at Hitterdal, Norway, with _svastica_, and
dots on it. Warrior’s head with helmet over the face, and crown
above the helmet. Real size.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 1295.—Bracteate found at Raflunda, Scania. Triangle of heads.
Real size.
]
[Illustration:
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