Their religious and artistic feeling found expression in that
development of Romanesque architecture which we know as Norman and
which has given so many famous buildings not only to Normandy but to
England, to Sicily and to Southern Italy generally. In literature the
Norman-French _trouvères_ did much towards popularising the romances
of war and adventure which play so important a part in medieval
literature, and when they settled in England it was largely due to
Anglo-Norman poets that 'the matter of Britain' became one of the great
subjects of romance for all time.
In its social organisation Normandy seems speedily to have been
feudalised. Rollo divided the land among a comparatively small number
of large landholders and the system of land tenure was quite different
from that in the English Danelagh with its large number of small
freeholders. On the other hand it was probably due to Norse traditions
of personal freedom that serfdom disappeared earlier in Normandy than
in any other of the French provinces.
Trade and commerce were fostered here as everywhere by the Vikings.
It was the Normans who first taught the French to become a power at
sea, many French naval terms are of Norman origin and from the Norman
province have come some of France's greatest sea-captains.
The Vikings like the Franks before them threw off their old speech
and submitted to the all-embracing power of Latin civilisation, and
the result was a race endowed with vigorous personality, untiring
activity, and the instinct for ruling men. The Normans may have become
largely French but they lost none of their old enterprise and spirit of
adventure. In the 11th century they conquered England and founded great
kingdoms for themselves in Sicily and South Italy. No Viking stock was
more vigorous than that which resulted from the grafting of Gallo-Latin
culture on the ruder civilisation of the Teutonic north.
Their influence on France as a whole is not nearly as great as the
influence of their kinsmen in England, probably because English
government was centralised (under Norman rule) much sooner than French
government, and their influence was thus able to make itself felt
outside the actual districts in which they settled. The settlement of
Normandy helped however towards the consolidation of power in the hands
of Charles the Bald and his successors, much as the settlement of the
Danelagh helped in establishing the final supremacy of Wessex.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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