Girolamo Amati possessed in a high degree the attributes of an artist. He was richly endowed with that rare power--_originality_. It is in his instruments that we discover the form of sound-hole which Niccolo Amati improved, and, after him, the inimitable Stradivari perfected. Girolamo Amati ignored the pointed sound-hole and width in the middle portions observable in his predecessor's Violins, and designed a model of extremely elegant proportions. How graceful is the turn of the sound-hole at both the upper and lower sections! With what nicety and daintiness are the outer lines made to point to the shapely curve! Niccolo Amati certainly improved even upon Girolamo's achievements, but he did not add more grace; and the essential difference between the instruments of the two is, that there is more vigour in the sound-hole of Niccolo than that of his father Girolamo. The purfling of the brothers Amati is very beautifully executed. The scrolls differ very much, and in the earlier instruments of these makers are of a type anterior to that of the bodies. Further, the varnish on the earlier specimens is deeper in colour than that found on the later ones, which have varnish of a beautiful orange tint, sparingly laid on, and throwing up the markings of the wood with much distinctness. The material used by these makers and the mode of cutting it also varies considerably. In some specimens we find that they used backs of the slab form; in others, backs worked whole; in others, backs divided into two segments. The belly-wood is in every case of the finest description. The tone is far more powerful than that of the instruments of Andrea, and this increase of sound is obtained without any sacrifice of the richness of the quality. [Illustration: _Plate V_. CARLO BERGONZI. _Grand Pattern_. (GEO. GUDGEON, ESQ.)] AMATI, Niccolo, Cremona, born December 3, 1596, died April 12, 1684. Nicolaus Amatus Cremonen, Hieronymi Fil. ac Antonij Nepos Fecit. 16--