The Violoncello and Its HistoryWasielewski, Wilhelm Joseph von
History
The Violoncello and Its History
Wasielewski, Wilhelm Joseph von
Cellists; Cello -- History
JEAN BAPTIST CUPIS, born in 1741, in Paris, received his first lessons
from his father, and in his eleventh year became Berteau’s pupil. Before
he had passed the second decade of his life he was already esteemed as
one of the cleverest cellists in France. He was soon received into the
Opera Orchestra in Paris, and, indeed, with the distinction that he
was associated with those members of it who had to accompany the solo
singers.
In the year 1771 he gave up his connection with the opera in order
to undertake some concert tours. He visited a great part of Germany,
remained some time in Hamburg, and then went to Paris and Italy, where
he married the songstress Gasparini. In 1794 he was in Milan. From
that time nothing more is known about him. The requisite information
concerning his pupils, Jean Henri Levasseur and Bréval, will be given
farther on.
Cupis composed two Concertos and a couple of pieces with variations, of
which the second, for two violoncellos, appeared only as a “Posthumous
work” after his death. Besides these, he wrote a violoncello school. It
bears the title “Méthode nouvelle et raisonnée pour apprendre à jour du
violoncelle, où l’on traite de son accord, de la manière de tenir cet
instrument avec aisance, de celle de tenir l’archet, de la position de
la main sur la touche, du tact, de l’étendue du manche, de la manière de
doigter dans tous les tons majeurs et mineurs, etc. Paris, Boyer.”
Berteau’s second pupil, JEAN BAPTISTE AIMÉ JOSEPH JANSON, was born
at Valenciennes in 1742. At twenty-four he was heard for the first
time as solo-player at the “Concert Spirituel.” In 1767 he went as
accompanist to the heir-apparent of Brunswick to Italy, and remained
there till 1771. He then returned for a few years to Paris, after which
he travelled in Germany. From Hamburg, where he remained until 1783,
he visited Denmark, Sweden, and Poland. He everywhere reaped great
applause for his performances, which were distinguished for their broad
and fine tone. In the year 1789 he again found himself in Paris. The
value that was set upon his playing there is proved by his being offered
the post of teacher of the violoncello at the Conservatoire, which was
founded in the year 1795. He died September 2, 1803. Of his violoncello
compositions, Fétis mentions three Concertos (Op. 3), three Concertos
(Op. 7), both with a bass; six Concertos with orchestra (Op. 15), and
six Sonatas with bass (Op. 4).
Janson had a younger brother, whose Christian names were LOUIS AUGUSTE
JOSEPH, whom he instructed as a skilful cellist, after his father had
prepared him for it. In 1789 he was given a place in the Parisian
Orchestra, which he held till 1815. He died a few years later. He was
born on July 8, 1749. He only published six Sonatas for the violoncello
with bass.
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