Author of “Des moyens chirurgicaux de favoriser la reproduction des os,” 1859; “Recherches expérimentales sur la production artificielle des os,” 1859; “Des résections des grandes articulations,” 1870; “De l’occlusion inamovible comme méthode générale de pausement des plaies,” 1874; “De l’éléphantiasis du nez et de son traitement,” 1876; “Traité expérimental et clinique de la régénération des os et de la production artificielle du tissu osseuse,” 1867; “Recherches expérimentales sur la greffe osseuse” in Journal de Physiologie de Brown-Séquard, Vol. III., 1867. =Oreste, Cavaliere Pietro=, Naples. Scuola Veterinaria. =Orfila, Matthieu Joseph Bonaventure.= B. at Mahon (Minorca), 1787. D. at Paris, 1853. Studied the effects of narcotine on animals. “Orfila poisoned 6,000 dogs.”--Blatin, _Nos. Cruantés_, p. 206. =Osawa, K.=, Tokio, Japan. Author of “Untersuchungen über die Leitungsbahnen in Rückenmarke des Hundes.” Jointly (with E. Tiegel) of “Beobachtungen über die Functionen des Rückenmarks d. Schlangen.”--Pflüger’s _Archiv._, Vol. XVI., p. 90. Made experiments in physiological laboratory at Strasburg; also in the physiological laboratory of Tokio, on the spinal marrow of serpents; spinal marrow cut through, and burning coals afterwards applied to the skin of the animals. =Ott, Isaac.= Fell. in Biol., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, U.S.A. Late Lect. on Exper. Physiol., Univ. Pennsylvania. Author of “Observations on the physiology of the spinal cord,” Journ. of Physiol., Vol. II., p. 42; “On crossed hyperæsthesia,” Ibid., Vol. III., 160; “Notes on Inhibition,” Ibid., p. 163. “Method.--The animals employed were young cats with unpigmented feet: These not only bear the operations better than older animals, but sweat more easily, and the secretion is more readily observed. In cases where the cord was to be exposed, the animal was placed belly downwards, with a block of wood under its abdominal surface to elevate the vertebræ, and make them more accessible. The muscles having been separated from the vertebral arches, and held at a distance by means of weighted hooks, the spinous processes were cut off, and a small trephine employed to make openings, about half an inch apart through the arches. The intervals between these openings were subsequently broken through by means of strong cutting forceps.… To stimulate the nerves, or the central nervous systems, a Du Bois coil was used, with Helmholtz’s arrangement to prevent unipolar action. Tetanizing currents were employed.”--_Journ. of Physiol._, Vol. II., p. 42. =Paladino, Giovanni.= B. 1842, at Potenza. Studied at Naples and in all the principal physiological laboratories of Europe, under Ludwig, Du Bois Reymond, and Leukart. Prof. Physiol. Univ. Naples, 1867; Prof. Anat. and Exper. Physiol. Vet. School, same place.