“Fifteen years after my first operation (in 1842), T. S. Wells came to Manchester to be present at one of my operations, and made many inquiries, amongst which--‘Did I include the peritoneum in my interrupted sutures?’ I replied, ‘Certainly;’ and gave as my reason, that in two cases where the suture had not included the peritoneum hernial protrusions had followed. I also added, that peritonitis could only be set up _once_, whether the sutures included the peritoneum or not. I was for some time after in correspondence with Mr. Wells, but never heard of vivisection in connection with ovariotomy, nor can I perceive any advantage that ovariotomy has received from such experiments. All my operations from first to last have shown the same average amount of success--about 75 per cent. I have never practised nor yet countenanced vivisection. I have given up operating after 400 cases and about 100 deaths.”--_Letter of Dr. Clay, dated April 6th, 1880._ “The whole progress of abdominal surgery dates from the first successful case of ovariotomy performed by Robert Houston in 1701. Failing to see the lesson taught by this, and led astray by vivisection, no further success was achieved till 1809, by Ephraim McDowell, and it was not till 1867 that any substantial gain was made. Disregarding all the conclusions of experiment, Baker Brown showed us how to bring our mortality of ovariotomy down to 10 per cent., and again, in 1876, Keith proved that it might be still further reduced. The methods of this reduction were such as only experience on human patients could indicate; experiments on animals could and did teach nothing, for operations have been performed on thousands of animals every year for centuries, and nothing whatever has been learnt from this wholesale vivisection.”--Lawson Tait, F.R.C.S., “_Uselessness of Vivisection_,” p. 27. =Wertheim, G.= Prof. Med. Fac. Vienna University. Roasted 30 living dogs.--_Annual Report of Rudolph Institute_, Vienna, 1867, pp. 172, 183. =Wilischanin, Paul.= M.D., St. Petersburg. Made experiments in the Clinical Lab. of Prof. Botkin. Produced fever in dogs and rabbits by injecting decomposed defibrinised blood, to try the effect of warm water injections.--_Centralbl. f. d. Med. Wiss._, Sept. 22, 1883, No. 38. =Williams, C. J. B.=, 49, Upper Brook Street, W. M.D. Edin., 1824; F.R.C.P. Lond. 1840; (Edin. Paris, and St. Georg.), F.R.S.; Pres. Roy. Med. and Chir. Soc. Lond.; Phys. Extr. to H.M. the Queen; formerly Prof. Med. and Clin. Med. Univ. Coll.; Pres. (1st) Path. and New Syd. Socs. Author of “Principles of Medicine,” 1856; Several Courses of Lectures on Physiol. and Clin. Med.; “Medical Gazette,” 1835-45, &c., &c. =Williams, Dawson=, 4, Oxford and Cambridge Mansions, Marylebone Road, N.W. M.D. (worthy of gold medal), 1881. M.B. Lond. (Gold Medal in Med.) and B.S. 1879; M.R.C.S. Eng. (Univ. Coll.)