On the 16th October the thermometer at eight o'clock in the morning showed -4.5 deg. and afterwards sank lower every day, until after the 21st October the mercury for some days was constantly under -10 deg.. On the 26th October the temperature was -18 deg., but in the beginning of November it rose again to -2 deg.. On the 6th November it sank again to -17 deg., but rose on the 11th to -3.5 deg.. On the 14th November the thermometer showed -23.5 deg., on the 21st -29.5 deg.. Next day in the morning it stood at -32 deg., and in the evening at -37 deg., but these figures were arrived at _by guess_, the instrument not indicating so low temperatures. This temperature of -30 deg. to -32 deg., varying with frozen mercury, continued till the end of November, when it rose again to -11.5 deg.. At Christmas there was again a temperature of -31 deg. and the six following days the mercury was frozen, with which the new year came in. The temperature then rose again to -20 deg., but soon sank so that from the 16th January the mercury was frozen for five days. On the 22nd January the reading was -9 deg.. On the 26th the mercury froze again, and on the 29th the temperature was -6 deg.. During the month of February the temperature never rose above -24 deg.; the mercury was frozen on the 20th, 25th, 26th, and 28th. This was the case on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 14th, 16th, and 18th March; on the 22nd March the reading was -7 deg., on the 30th -29 deg.. April began with -31 deg., but the temperature afterwards rose, so that on the 16th it reached -11 deg. and varied between -21 deg. and -6 deg. (the 25th). On the 2nd May the reading in the morning and evening was -12 deg., at mid-day -2 deg. to -5 deg.. On the 8th May it was +0, on the 17th -10.5 deg., on the 31st +0.5 deg.. June began with +1.5 deg.. On the 8th the reading at mid-day was +11 deg., on the morning and evening of the same day +2 deg. to +3 deg.. During the remainder of June and the month of July the temperature varied between +2 deg. and +21 deg.. It was in such circumstances that Nummelin and his four companions lived in the ill-provided house of planks on the Little Briochov Island. They removed to it, as has been already said, on the 5th October; on the 20th the ice was so hard frozen that they could walk upon it. On the 26th snowstorms commenced, so that it was impossible to go out of the house. The sun was visible for the last time on the 21st November, and it reappeared on the 19th January. On the 15th May the sun no longer set. The temperature was then under the freezing point of mercury. That the upper edge of the sun should be visible on the 19th January we must assume a horizontal refraction of nearly 1 deg.. The islands on the Yenisej are so low that there was probably a pretty open horizon towards the south.