Saxifraga oppositifolia L. Saxifraga rivularis L. Saxifraga caespitosa L. Cardamine bellidifolia L. Cochlearia fenestrata R. BR. Ranunculus hyperboreus ROTTB. Stellaria Edwardsii R. BR. Cerastium alpinum L. Alsine macrocarpa FENZL. Sagina nivalis FR. Salix polaris WG. Glyceria vilfoidea (ANDS.) TH. FR. Catabrosa algida (SOL.) FR. Aira caespitosa L. Juncus biglumis L. ] [Footnote 190: I can remember only one other instance of finding self-dead vertebrate animals, viz. when in 1873, as has already been stated (p. 110), I found a large number of dead rotges on the ice at the mouth of Hinloopen Strait. ] [Footnote 191: I use this name because the ash-rain of March 1875 was first observed at Haga palace near Stockholm, and thus at the outer limit of the known area of distribution of the dust. It was first through the request which in consequence of this observation was published in the newspapers, that communications regarding singular observations in other quarters should be sent to the Swedish Academy of Sciences, that it became known that a similar rain had about the same time taken place over a very large part of middle Sweden and Norway. The dust however did not fall evenly, but distributed in spots, and at several different times. The distance from Stockholm of the volcanoes, where the outbreak took place, is nearly 2000 kilometres. ] [Footnote 192: Namely, by showing that the principal material of the plutonic and volcanic rocks is of cosmic origin, and that the phenomena of heat, which occur in these layers, depend on chemical changes to which the cosmic sediment, after being covered by thick terrestrial formations, is subjected. ] [Footnote 193: Dr. Kjellman has given the following list of the flowering plants collected by him in this region:-- Cineraria frigida RICHARDS. Potentilla emarginata PURSH. Saxifraga stellaris L. f. comosa. Saxifraga nivalis L. Saxifraga cernua L. Saxifraga rivularis L. Chrysosplenium alternifolium L. Cardamine bellidifolia L. Draba corymbosa R. BR. Papaver nudicaule L. Ranunculus pygmaeus WG. Ranunculus hyperboreus ROTTB. Ranunculus sulphureus SOL. Stellaria Edwardsii R. BR. Cerastium alpinum L. Alsine macrocarpa FENZL. Salix polaris WG. Poa arctica R. BR. Arctophila peudulina (LAEST.) ANDS. Catabrosa algida (Sol.) FR. Colpodium latifolium R. BR. Dupontia Fisheri R. BR. Pleuropogon Sabini R. BR. Aira caespitosa L. Hierochloa pauciflora R. BR. Calamagrostis lapponica (WG.) HN. Alopecurus alpinus SM. Eriophorum angustifolium ROTH. Eriophorum Scheuchzeri HOPPE. Carex aquatilis WG. Carex rigida GOOD. Juncus biglumis L. Luzula hyperborea R. BR. Luzula arctica BL. ] [Footnote 194: _H. Mohn._ Die Insel Einsamkeit, &c., with a map (Petermann's _Mittheilungen_, 1879, p. 57). ] [Footnote 195: This has been doubted by Russian geographers. Von Baer for instance says:--