[Footnote 223: P.S. Pallas, _De reliquiis animalium exoticorum per Asiam borealem repertis complementum (Novi commentarii Acad. Sc. Petropolitanae_, XVII. pro anno 1772, p. 576), and _Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs_, Th. III. St. Petersburg, 1776, p. 97. ] [Footnote 224: Hedenstroem, _Otrywki o Sibiri_, St. Petersburg, 1830, p. 125. Ermann's _Archiv_, Part 24, p. 140. ] [Footnote 225: Compare K.E. v. Baer's paper in _Melanges Biologiques_, T.V. St. Petersbourg, 1866, p. 691; Middendorff, IV. i. p. 277; Gavrila Sarytschev's _Achtjaehrige Reise in nordoestlichen Sibirien_, etc., translated by J.H. Busse, Th. 1, Leipzig, 1806, p. 106. ] [Footnote 226: Adams' account is inserted at p. 431 in the work of Tilesius already quoted. Von Baer gives a detailed account of this and other important _finds_ of the same nature in the above-quoted paper in Tome V. of _Melanges Biologiques_; St. Petersbourg, pp. 645-740. ] [Footnote 227: Middendorff, IV. 1, p. 272. ] [Footnote 228: Friedrich Schmidt, _Wissenschastliche Resultate der sur Aussuchung eines Mammuthcadavers ausgesandten Expedition (Mem. de l'Acad. de St. Petersbourg_, Ser. VII. T. XVIII. No. 1, 1872). ] [Footnote 229: Brandt, _Berichte der preussischen Akad. der Wissenchasten_, 1846, p. 224. Von Schmalhausen, _Bull de l'Acad. de St. Petersbourg_, T. XXII. p. 291. ] [Footnote 230: The _find_ is described by Heir Czersky in the Transactions published by the East Siberian division of the St. Petersburg Geographical Society; and subsequently by Dr. Leopold von Schrenck in _Mem. de l'Acad. de St. Petersbourg_, Ser. VII. T. XXVII. No. 7, 1880. ] [Footnote 231: The mean temperature of the different months is shown in the following table:-- JAN. -48 deg. 9 FEB. -47 deg. 2 MARCH -33 deg. 9 APRIL -14 deg. 9 MAY -0 deg. 40 JUNE +13 deg. 4 JULY +15 deg. 4 AUG. +11 deg. 9 SEPT. +2 deg. 3 OCT. -13 deg. 9 NOV. -39 deg. 1 DEC. -45 deg. 7 Of the Year. -16 deg. 7 ] [Footnote 232: Hedenstroem, _loc. cit._ p. 128. To find stranded driftwood in an upright position is nothing uncommon. ] [Footnote 233: Martin Sauer, _An account of a Geographical and Astronomical Expedition the Northern parts of Russia by Commodore Joseph Billings_, London, 1802, p. 105. The walrus does not occur in the sea between the mouth of the Chatanga and Wrangel Land, and large whales are never seen at the New Siberian Islands, but during Hedenstroem's stay in these regions three narwhals were enclosed in the ice near the shore at the mouth of the Yana (_Otrywki o Sibiri_, p. 131). ]