The Wampanoags in the seventeenth century : $b An ethnohistorical surveyMarten, Catherine
History
The Wampanoags in the seventeenth century : $b An ethnohistorical survey
Marten, Catherine
Indians of North America -- New England -- History -- 17th century; Wampanoag Indians
Adults were buried in or near the house, after which all the mats
were taken down from the house, leaving only the frame remaining, and
it was abandoned forever.[524] The company of friends and relatives
would gather around the corpse as it lay at the grave’s edge and
lament copiously.[525] They would continue to mourn thus for many
days; the length of mourning increased with the importance of the
deceased. In the case of a very important person, such as a sachem,
the period of mourning might last for a year.[526] The black face
paint was worn throughout the period of mourning, and it was often
seen to be caked by tears.[527] Upon the death of a child, the
father might cut off his proud long hair and inflict wounds upon his
body.[528] The anniversary of the death was kept by a brief period of
renewed mourning, the face again being blackened.[529] The name of a
deceased person was not to be mentioned again. If anyone living had a
similar name, he would change it.[530]
Concern was also shown for the family of the deceased. Friends would
often visit offering words of consolation “... which they express
by stroking the cheeke and head of the father or mother, husband
or wife of the dead”.[531] Widows or widowers, left then without a
house, would take up residence with a related family or perhaps move
about among the homes of their relatives for a time, where they were
comforted.[532]
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS[A]
The world of the Wampanoags was well-populated with supernatural
beings and forces. Of these, one was a sort of generalized power,
called _Manitou_.[533] Many early observers of the Indians of
northeastern North America, where this concept is widespread,
developed the mistaken idea that “Manitou” referred to an
anthropomorphic supreme being. Actually, Manitou is a force rather
than a person. It could perhaps best be likened to that force
for good luck that many Europeans think can be found in horse
shoes, four-leaf clovers, etc. thus, when a Wampanoag performed
an exceptional feat he was said to have Manitou, or supernatural
power. Likewise, certain objects, animals, and physical features
on the landscape were thought to have Manitou in them, because
someone had had good luck right after seeing or touching them. This
could have happened so far in the past that it was remembered only
in mythology. Or, perhaps the whole incident was a vision in a
dream.[534]
A related concept is something that can be called animal
spirits.[535] These were supernaturals in animal form, who could
interfere in the lives and fates of human beings. Whether the power
of these animals was identical to Manitou is not known, and it is
quite possible that the relationship was not too clearly worked out
in the minds of the Indians either.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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