The Wampanoags in the seventeenth century : $b An ethnohistorical surveyMarten, Catherine
History
The Wampanoags in the seventeenth century : $b An ethnohistorical survey
Marten, Catherine
Indians of North America -- New England -- History -- 17th century; Wampanoag Indians
MOULDS: for casting pipes, buttons, small ornaments, shot and
bullets of all sizes; slate or other suitable stone; both one and
two piece. (Willoughby, p. 243-44; Bradford, p. 52)
CRADLE BOARD: wood (perhaps also bark); forked shaped ends,
dimensions 2 × 1 feet; braided strap for tying on child; furs for
covers. (Bushnell, p. 675; Wood, p. 108; Morton, p. 147)
TORCHES: as fishing lures and for lighting inside houses; birch
bark or pitch pine; splints or cloven pieces bound into a bundle.
(Bushnell, p. 675; Willoughby, p. 294)
FISH HOOKS: bone—one form consists of the shank bone of a fawn,
ends cut off to make a tubular shape 120 mm. long; line is
looped through the tube; catches by fish swallowing. Wood with a
spear-shaped piece of bone attached at more or less right angle,
producing a fang-shape; point lashed on with hemp. Iron (imported
ready made from Europe). (Bushnell, p. 675; Howe, pp. 110-15; Wood,
p. 100)
NET SINKERS: for keeping stationary net in place; stone. (Chapin,
p. 11)
FISH DRYING SCAFFOLDS: no descriptions. (Wood, p. 107)
ROASTING SPIT: for cooking meat over the fire inside the house;
stick of wood, notched at one end, other end sharpened to stick
into ground. (Wood, p. 75)
BUTTONS: pewter, made by casting; decorated. (Illustrated in
Willoughby, p. 243, fig. 131)
LARGE PIPES: carved wood, stone (probably soapstone), carvings to
represent men and animals; 2 feet long. (Williams, pp. 72-3)
SMALLER PIPES: soapstone (made in imitation of the English style),
pewter, clay, brass, combinations of these—stone with brass
bound bowl, clay stem with bowl of copper. (Williams, pp. 72-3;
Willoughby, pp. 243-4, 240; Chapin, p. 17; Brereton, p. 38)
PESTLE: for grinding; stone; one example with top carved to
represent an animal’s head. (Bushnell, p. 675; Willoughby, pp.
237-9)
STONE MORTAR: containing material during grinding (corn
specifically mentioned); sized from immovable boulder to a smaller
portable style to cup size (for grinding pigments).
WOODEN MORTAR: used with stone pestle for corn and probably other
uses similar to stone mortar; trough-shaped. (Bushnell, p. 675)
ADZE: woodworking; wood handle and stone head; head smooth and
convex on one side, often double-grooved on the other side for
hafting; sizes run from two to ten inches in length, also with
imported European iron head. (Willoughby, 237-39)
AXE: woodworking; wood handle, stone head; differ quite markedly
in weight, thickness, polish, workmanship, and size; approximately
bi-symmetrical; large ones grooved to hold sinews that bind head
to handle. Iron head; both axe and hatchet size (from Europeans).
(Williams; p. 176; Chapin, pp. 6-7).
DRILLS: for beads; stone, later metal. (Williams, p. 176)
SCRAPERS: woodworking (probably something similar used in skin
preparation); clam and oyster shell. (Wood, p. 102)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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