CHISEL: beaver incisor hafted onto some sort of handle. (Willoughby, pp. 237-39) AWL: bone. (Willoughby, pp. 237-39) NEEDLE: sewing mats together; bone (“splinter bone of a cranes legge”) half of the split rib of a deer. (Morton, p. 135; Willoughby, pp. 244-45) BAG FOR CARRYING PARCHED CORNMEAL: leather; long pouch worn around the waist. (Wood, p. 76) TOBACCO BAG: for carrying pipe and tobacco; worn hung down the back. (Williams; pp. 72-3) QUIVER: contain arrows; woven bulrushes; length one yard; one is described as having a decorative band about one foot wide on the top and about six inches wide at the bottom of the quiver, in red diamonds and patterns of other colors. (Winslow, p. 307; Howe, p. 71) CLUB: weapon. (Gookin, p. 152) TOMAHAWK: weapon; wood handle with sharp stone fastened into it. (Gookin, p. 152) SHIELD: bark. (Gookin, p. 152) COMB: one example, made of moose horn, perhaps unique in shape, consisted of small set of teeth at the end of a very long handle. (Bushnell, p. 683) DUGOUT CANOE: pine or chestnut; size variable—some 40-50 feet long will carry 20 people; others are about one and a half to two feet wide and twenty feet long; hollowed out of tree trunks. (Wood, p. 102; Gookin, p. 152) BIRCH BARK CANOES: sizes probably various—one that would carry nine passengers was 17′ × 4′, weighing about 60 pounds; another had a seating capacity of five or six. Seams were closed by sewing “oziers or twigs” and pitched; ends were pointed, fore and aft, but the bow curved slightly upwards. Inside were thin, broad ribs. (Wood, p. 102; Pring, p. 58; Gookin, pp. 152-53) CANOE PADDLES: ash or maple; lightweight, length about two yards, flat on the ends. (Pring, p. 58) SAILS: used occasionally; mast of small pole; consisted of skins of the sort used for mantles, one or two of these used at a time. (Williams, p. 133) TOYS: bow and arrow: bow of a stick and arrows of reeds; Pottery vessels (miniature). (Wood, pp. 97-98; Willoughby, pp. 237-39) SCAFFOLD FOR HANGING POTS OVER FIRE: see p. 64 FIRE-MAKING KIT FISHING LINE FISHING NET EUROPEAN IMPORTS: in addition to those already mentioned, the following items of European technology were obtained and used by the Wampanoags: tin cups; pails of tin and iron; wooden chests; glass bottles; weapons—guns, pistols, sword and rapier blades, hatchets, and axes. (Gookin, pp. 151-52; Mourt’s Relation, p. 144) FOOTNOTES [A] Observation by writers of the period tend to be heavily biased by their own intense interest in Christianity, making them less useful for ethnographic purposes than most of the contemporary comment. Therefore this section can be little more than a listing of a few of the traits that comprised Wampanoag religious beliefs.