Contains an acute historical analysis of nationality in the nineteenth century. The conclusion reached is that "the theory of nationality is more absurd and more criminal than the theory of socialism," but though the summing up is unfavourable, the whole essay is a masterly exposition of the national idea by one of the greatest of historical students. It forms a very useful foil to Mazzini. HENRY SIDGWICK. _The Elements of Politics_. 1897. 14s. net. Chapter xiv., on "The Area of Government," contains useful paragraphs on the distinction between Nation, State, and Nationality; see esp. pp. 222-225. SIR JOHN SEELEY. _The Expansion of England_. First published in 1883. 4s. net. SIR JOHN SEELEY. _Introduction to Political Science_. 1896. 4s. net. Both these books, the first in particular, are important in this connection. There is no one chapter or section devoted exclusively to the consideration of nationality, but there are constant references to the subject. The point of view is, moreover, instructive. Seeley is, perhaps, the nearest English approach to Treitschke. J.M. ROBERTSON. _Introduction to English Politics_. 1900. 10s. 6d. net. Critical from the Rationalistic as Acton is from the Catholic point of view. See esp. Part V., "The Fortunes of the Lesser European States," which after a preliminary essay on Nationality, which the author declares to be "essentially a metaphysical dream," while "the motive spirit in it partakes much of the nature of superstition," goes on to give a valuable account of the development of the "small nations," Holland, Switzerland, Portugal, etc., by way of showing their value to civilisation as a whole. P. MILYOUKOV. _Russia and its Crisis_. 1905. 13s. 6d. Chap. ii. contains some interesting matter on Nationalism, especially of course as it has been developed in Russia. J.S. MILL. _On Representative Government_. 2s. Chap, xvi., "Of Nationality as connected with Representative Government." II. GENERAL HISTORICAL WORKS, ETC. ALISON PHILLIPS. _Modern Europe. 1815-1899_. 1903. 6s. net. An excellent general history of Europe, 1815-1899. SEIGNOBOS. _A Political History of Contemporary Europe since 1814_. 2 vols. 1901. 5s. net each. One of the best general histories of this scope available. It is a translation from the French, with good bibliographies. _Lectures on the History of the Nineteenth Century_. Cambridge. 1902. 4s. 6d. net. A series of studies, by recognised authorities, of various aspects of modern European history. Chap. ii., on "The International History of Europe during the Nineteenth Century," by the late Professor Westlake, is suggestive on the topic of nationality; chaps. v. and vi., on Germany, by a German professor, are interesting as giving the German view of unification by Bismarck; and chaps. ix. and x., on "The Struggle for Italian Unity," and "Mazzini," by Mr. Bolton King, are especially valuable. H.A.L. FISHER. _The Republican Tradition in Europe_. 1911. 6s. net.