Traces the development of the republican, as distinct from the nationalist tradition, in modern Europe, and therefore forms a useful complement to other writers. Chap. ix., on "Italy," and chap. x., on "The German Revolution," are excellent accounts of "1848" in those two countries. H.A.L. FISHER. _The Value of Small States_. Oxford Pamphlets. 2d. E. LEVETT. _Europe since Napoleon_. 1913. Blackie. 3s. 6d. A useful little text-book. _The Cambridge Modern History_. Vols. ix., x., xi., xii. 16s. net per vol. Indispensable for knowledge of the facts of the period. R. NISBET BAIN. _Slavonic Europe, 1447-1796_. 1908. 5s. 6d. net. Chap. xviii. gives a good account of the partitions of Poland. BOLTON KING. _A History of Italian Unity_. 2 vols. 1899. 24s. net. BOLTON KING. _Mazzini_. 1903. Dent, Temple Biographies. 4s. 6d. net. BISMARCK. _Reflections and Reminiscences_. 2 vols. 1898. Smith Elder. Out of print. To be bought second-hand. BÜLOW. _Imperial Germany_. 1914. Cassell. 2s. net. The last two are indispensable for a true understanding of the principles which underlie the German Empire. T.J. LAWRENCE. _Principles of International Law_. 1910. 12s. 6d. net. A useful text-book. See also _Cambridge Mod. Hist_. vol. xii. chap. xxii. CHAPTER III GERMANY "The Germans are vigorously submissive. They employ philosophical reasonings to explain what is the least philosophic thing in the world, respect for force and the fear which transforms that respect into admiration."--MADAME DE STAËL (1810). "Greatness and weakness are both inseparable from the race whose powerful and turbid thought rolls on--the largest stream of music and poetry at which Europe comes to drink."--ROMAIN ROLLAND (_Jean Christophe_). §1. _The German State_.--The German Nation is one of the oldest in Europe: the German State is almost the youngest--of the great States quite the youngest.